Wednesday, February 22, 2023

Person, Place, and Thing: January 8 - 15




 Person.

David Robert Jones was born in London on January 8, 1947. As a child he was introduced to American rock through the music of Fats Domino, The Platters, Elvis (same birthday) and Little Richard, to name a few. He later said that when he first heard "Tutti Frutti" he "heard God." An older half-brother also introduced him to modern jazz and the Beat poets. He studied art, music, and design before launching his music career in 1963. He started forming and joining bands at 15.
In 1966, he changed his name to Bowie because another young Englishman named Davy Jones was becoming well known in America as a member of the Monkees. Although he recorded and released singles during the 1960s, he achieved little chart success and recognition. In July 1969, five days ahead of the Apollo 11 launch, he released "Space Oddity" which reached the top 5 in the UK. From there throughout the next five decades, he built a career of highs and lows, with one consistent theme throughout: inconsistency. He became known as chameleon, constantly changing his appearance, his musical style, and developing distinct characters like Ziggy Stardust and the Thin White Duke. He managed to be open and available to the media and to be an enigma at the same time.
His death in 2016 was only the second celebrity death, following Prince in 2015, that had an impact on me personally. While Prince was and is my favorite musician, Bowie was pretty close, and I was only lucky enough to see both live in concert once.
In 2018, music journalist and author Dylan Jones published David Bowie: The Oral History (aka David Bowie: A Life), for which he interviewed 200 people who had some ties to Bowie and added the multiple interviews that he himself had done with Bowie. It's a unique biography which describes the ups and downs, positives and negatives.

Place.
David Robert Jones was born in London on January 8, 1947. As a child he was introduced to American rock through the music of Fats Domino, The Platters, Elvis (same birthday) and Little Richard, to name a few. He later said that when he first heard "Tutti Frutti" he "heard God." An older half-brother also introduced him to modern jazz and the Beat poets. He studied art, music, and design before launching his music career in 1963. He started forming and joining bands at 15.
As a student at Bromley Technical School (now known as Ravens Wood School), Jones (Later David Bowie) fell into the orbit of Owen Frampton, an art and design teacher at the school. Frampton came to be more like a surrogate father than a teacher, and his son Peter Frampton, became a younger brother. Bowie spent a lot of time in Frampton's classroom and home. There must have been something in the water at Bromley, because, years after Bowie and Frampton's time there, Billy Idol and Siouxie Sue (of Siouxie and the Banshees) were students there as well.
In 2018, music journalist and author Dylan Jones published David Bowie: The Oral History (aka David Bowie: A Life), for which he interviewed 200 people who had some ties to Bowie and added the multiple interviews that he himself had done with Bowie. It's a unique biography which describes the ups and downs, positives and negatives.

Thing.
David Robert Jones was born in London on January 8, 1947. He changed his name to David Bowie early in his career and embarked on a successful career spanning decades. He was known as much for his chameleon-like adaptations as his music, changing music genres, styles, and identities numerous times in his career, in addition to taking on film, tv, and stage acting, and producing and writing for other acts like Iggy Pop. He was also ahead of his time when it came to adopting and integrating digital, internet, and video technology.
And don't forget, from 1988 to 1992, he was part of a rock band called Tin Machine, a period which he said reinvigorated his creativity. Tin Machine consisted of Bowie on lead vocals, saxophone and guitar; Reeves Gabrels on guitar and vocals; Tony Fox Sales on bass and vocals; and Hunt Sales on drums and vocals.



Person.
On January 9, 1493 Christopher Columbus, sailing near what is now the Dominican Republic, recorded sighting three "mermaids," "not half as beautiful as they are painted." It was the first recorded European sighting of manatees. My grandfather and Columbus have something in common. I've never heard any details, but apparently my grandfather reported seeing a mermaid while he was living in Savannah Georgia and working at a shipyard during World War II.
Manatees are slow moving aquatic mammals that may grow to 10 to 12 feet in length and weigh 800 to 1200 pounds. There are three pieces of manatees (West Indian, West African, and Amazonian) and the East Indian dugong that make up the order Sirenia. Another species, the Seller's sea cow was hunted into extinction by 1760. Today, all four species are threatened because man through loss of habitat, reckless boating, and chemical pollution of their habitat. Many manatees due each year because of collisions with boat propellers; many more carry lifelong scars. In the last few years, Florida's manatees have struggled to find enough food, and the state has initiated feeding programs.
In 2010, noted journalist and author Craig Pittman published Manatee Insanity, becoming the first environmental writer to explore the complex history and science of manatees and their place in Florida culture. In August of 2022, a paperback updated version was released. Pittman also wrote Cat Tale, the story of efforts to save the Florida panther from extinction.

Place.
On January 9, 1493 Christopher Columbus, sailing near what is now the Dominican Republic, recorded sighting three "mermaids," "not half as beautiful as they are painted." It was the first recorded European sighting of manatees.
Florida manatees are found throughout Florida and can easily move between fresh and salt water habits. They are found in Florida's rivers, springs, and canals. Crystal River Florida is hosting its annual Manatee Festival this coming weekend TECO, the Tampa Electric Company maintains a Manatee Viewing Center at its Apollo Beach power plant. There, one can see hundreds of manatees (and sharks and rays) gathered around the water pipes returning warmed water back into Tampa Bay on cool winter days.

Thing.
On January 9, 1493 Christopher Columbus, sailing near what is now the Dominican Republic, recorded sighting three "mermaids," "not half as beautiful as they are painted." It was the first recorded European sighting of manatees.
At first glance, one might assume that the closest living relatives of the manatees and dugongs may be seals, sea lions, or walruses. And, according to evolutionary paleontologists, one would be wrong. They claim that the manatees' and dugongs' closest relatives are the elephant, the aardvark, and the hyrax. (A hyrax is a small furry mammal weighing 4 to 10 pounds.) Although not universally accepted, a major theory holds that all of these animals evolved from a large, mostly aquatic, mammals called Tethytheria. In fact, theories about this evolutionary pathways are still debated.



Person.
On January 10, 1883, two silent film stars of the early Hollywood era were born: Florence Reed and Francis X. Bushman. In 2022, Paramount released "Babylon," a big-budget, big-stars movie about the decadent early days of Hollywood. By all accounts, it is a huge box office flop. That, by no means, should imply that there are no compelling stories to tell. The silent film era and the Hollywood studio system were the backdrop to enough scandals and crimes to fill countless more books and movies.
In 2014, William J. Mann wrote Tinseltown: Murder, Morphine, and Madness at the Dawn of Hollywood. The titular Murder is that of powerful producer and director William Desmond Taylor which still remains unsolved today. Taylor (born Tanner in April 1872) immigrated to the US from Ireland at age 19. In New York, he became an actor and married an actress. In 1908, however, he disappeared, deserting his wife and daughter. His wife got a divorce on the basis of desertion. Little is known about the next few years of his life. He popped up again in San Francisco in 1912, with a new name, on his way to Los Angeles to work in movies. He acted in a few movies before enlisting in the Canadian Army for WWI. On his return to Hollywood, he became a director, directing 59 films in total and eventually serving as President of the Motion Pictures Directors Association.
At 7:30 am on February 2, 1922, his body was found just inside his bungalow in the affluent LA community of Westlake. On his body were a diamond ring, a wallet with cash, a watch, and a silver cigarette case, ruling out the motive of robbery. The ensuing investigation became a media frenzy, uncovering a crazy assortment of characters and enough stories about Holllywood drugs, alcohol, and sexual perversion to titillate the country for months. His murder is just one of the scandals that led to a crackdown in the immorality rampant in the motion picture industry.
If you're a narrative nonfiction fan, a fan of Erik Larson books, you'll enjoy this one.

Place.
On January 10, 1883, two silent film stars of the early Hollywood era were born: Florence Reed and Francis X. Bushman. In 2022, Paramount released "Babylon," a big-budget, big-stars movie about the decadent early days of Hollywood. By all accounts, it is a huge box office flop. That, by no means, should imply that there are no compelling stories to tell. The silent film era and the Hollywood studio system were the backdrop to enough scandals and crimes to fill countless more books and movies.
In 2014, William J. Mann wrote Tinseltown: Murder, Morphine, and Madness at the Dawn of Hollywood. The titular Murder is that of powerful producer and director William Desmond Taylor which still remains unsolved today. It's a great narrative nonfiction read, reminiscent of the works of Erik Larson.
The first film production in the Los Angeles area began shooting in 1907. Movie directing pioneer D. W. Griffith filmed there in 1909 and 1910. The first studio was built in 1911. Within a year, 16 studios were in operation, and the rest is history.
Why did Hollywood become the home of the motion picture industry?
-Weather allowed for year-round filming outdoors with plenty of sun, little rain, and no winter.
- Within an hour or two of LA, companies could find beaches, deserts, forests, and mountains, farms, and factories.
-Everything was cheaper than in New York. LA was a non-union city.
-In LA, they were far from the Thomas Edison controlled monopoly of New York. Edison strictly controlled all aspects of movie making in New York, constantly threatening and filing lawsuits for infringing on his patents.

Thing.
On January 10, 1883, two silent film stars of the early Hollywood era were born: Florence Reed and Francis X. Bushman. In 2022, Paramount released "Babylon," a big-budget, big-stars movie about the decadent early days of Hollywood. By all accounts, it is a huge box office flop. That, by no means, should imply that there are no compelling stories to tell. The silent film era and the Hollywood studio system were the backdrop to enough scandals and crimes to fill countless more books and movies.
In 2014, William J. Mann wrote Tinseltown: Murder, Morphine, and Madness at the Dawn of Hollywood. The titular Murder is that of powerful producer and director William Desmond Taylor which still remains unsolved today. It's a great narrative nonfiction read, reminiscent of the works of Erik Larson.
In 2012, to mark the 140th anniversary of his birth, The William Desmond Taylor Society, in his home town of Carlow, Ireland, established Taylorfest, an annual arts and film festival honoring Ireland's most prolific filmmaker and celebrating the contribution of the Irish to silent film. The festival still takes place annually.



Person.
On the night of January 11, 1961, about a thousand University of Georgia students, Athens Georgia citizens, and KKK members staged a riot on campus in protest of the registration of black students Charlayne Hunter and Hamilton E. Holmes, the first black students registered on campus.
Both students graduated from the all black Turner High School in Atlanta and had applied for admission in 1959. Holmes was the class valedictorian and class president, and Hunter was editor of the school newspaper and also at the top of the class academically. Admission was denied on claims that there was no dorm space, and the two matriculated at other colleges for the fall. They petitioned the state Board of Regents and initiated an injunction request for admission to UGA. The Board of Regents again denied admission on the grounds that the pair had not filled out the admission form properly.
A federal trial began on December 13, 1960 and lasted several days. The judge ruled in Holmes' and Hunter's favor, and they were officially admitted in January 9, 1961, surrounded by security in the face of angry, yelling mobs. That weekend, there were demonstrations along with effigy and cross burnings on campus. On the 11th, following a basketball game, students began a planned demonstration outside of Hunter's dormitory, alongside invited Ku Klux Klan Members, throwing bricks and bottles through her window. Athens police used tear gas to disperse the crowd. Riot planners had notified state legislatures and the Lieutenant Governor of their plans, and they had received assurances of immunity from school and legal punishment.
Hunter and Holmes were suspended over "safety" concerns, but national pressure and pressure from the UGA faculty forced the school to drop the suspension, and they began attending classes on January 14. Four white students were suspended, 18 placed on probation: two Klan Members and four students were arrested.
UGA professor Robert Pratt wrote We shall Not Be Moved, the story of the struggle.

Place.
On the night of January 11, 1961, about a thousand University of Georgia students, Athens Georgia citizens, and KKK members staged a riot on campus in protest of the registration of black students Charlayne Hunter and Hamilton E. Holmes, the first black students registered on campus.
Today, on the University of Georgia campus, one will find an historical marker and the Holmes/Hunter Academic Building, marking the location where the two students registered for their classes. In 2021, a $30 million renovation was approved. The building actually consists of two buildings joined together in 1905, Ivy Hall built in 1831 and the library built in 1860. It houses the Financial Aid, Institutional Diversity, and Registrar's Offices, and a few others.

Thing.
On the night of January 11, 1961, about a thousand University of Georgia students, Athens Georgia citizens, and KKK members staged a riot on campus in protest of the registration of black students Charlayne Hunter and Hamilton E. Holmes, the first black students registered on campus. Following a basketball game, a mob staged a demonstration outside Charlayne Hunter's dormitory, throwing bricks and bottles through her window before being dispersed by Athens police using tear gas
UGA professor Robert Pratt wrote We shall Not Be Moved, the story of the struggle.
But it's not just National Championships and integration that cause UGA students to hold mass demonstrations on campus. In 1954, Artist-in-Residence Abbott Pattison created a 2-ton abstracted metal sculpture of a horse to stand in front of Reed Hall, but modern art wasn’t welcomed to campus. UGA students immediately shoved hay into the Iron Horse’s mouth, scattered manure on the ground behind it and set a mattress on fire underneath it. It didn’t stay on campus long. An employee of the University's horticulture department offered to allow the statue to sit on his farm just outside of town, where it remains.



Person.
If you've read anything about the rise of American gangsters during Prohibition or you're of a certain age and are old enough to watched reruns of The Untouchables or the 1987 film of the same name, you know the name Eliot Ness - the fearless and incorruptible American hero who singlehandedly brought down Al Capone and went after "the Mob." During his lifetime and following his death, Ness was an American icon. Unfortunately, almost everything Americans though they knew about Ness was wrong, and he was, in reality, just a man, a man with feet of clay.
I just finished reading American Demon: Eliot Ness and the Hunt for America's Jack the Ripper, published in September of 2022. After Ness' days in Chicago, his dream was to join the FBI, and maybe head up the Chicago office. Contrary to what people may think they remember, Ness was never a member of the FBI; he was a Prohibition Agent, employed by the Department of the Treasury, a G-Man yes, but never FBI. J. Edgar Hoover refused to consider him for the FBI because he was afraid Eliot's good looks, personality, and favorable press and public personas would overshadow him.
Denied his dream, Ness accepted a job as Safety Director of the city of Cleveland, in charge of the police, fire, and traffic safety departments. Unfortunately, his tenure coincided with the Cleveland Torso Killings. During the 1930s, Cleveland citizens, usually children out playing or exploring, discovered at least a dozen dismembered bodies, with some experts attributing up to twenty victims to the killer or killers. They all had one thing in common: legs, arms, and heads were hacked off the torsos. Each part was then wrapped up or boxed up and often disposed of separately; some parts were never found.
As Safety Director, Ness took the lead and was the focus of the press. No one was ever prosecuted for the crimes. In American Demon, Daniel Stashower takes the reader through the investigation and through Ness' life, revealing the real Ness. Great book!

Place
If you've read anything about the rise of American gangsters during Prohibition or you're of a certain age and are old enough to watched reruns of The Untouchables or the 1987 film of the same name, you know the name Eliot Ness - the fearless and incorruptible American hero who singlehandedly brought down Al Capone and went after "the Mob." During his lifetime and following his death, Ness was an American icon. Unfortunately, almost everything Americans though they knew about Ness was wrong, and he was, in reality, just a man, a man with feet of clay. Denied his dream of heading up the Chicago FBI office, Ness accepted a job as Safety Director of the city of Cleveland, in charge of the police, fire, and traffic safety departments. Unfortunately, his tenure coincided with the Cleveland Torso Killings.
During the 1930s, Cleveland was hit as hard as any other American city, with crime, unemployment, homelessness, and poverty rampant, and the area of Cleveland hit worst of all was known as Kingsbury Run, on the southeast side of town. It was notorious as an area rife with prostitution, drug addiction, and shantyvilles of hobos, sometimes numbering in the hundreds.
Kingsbury Run became ground zero for the Cleveland Torso Murderer(s), with several victims disposed of, and perhaps selected from, the area. In one desperate raid in hopes of finding evidence of the killer(s), Safety Director Ness and his men evicted some 300 men and set fire to a 100 or so shanties, ultimately turning up no leads.

Thing.
If you've read anything about the rise of American gangsters during Prohibition or you're of a certain age and are old enough to watched reruns of The Untouchables or the 1987 film of the same name, you know the name Eliot Ness - the fearless and incorruptible American hero who singlehandedly brought down Al Capone and went after "the Mob." During his lifetime and following his death, Ness was an American icon. Unfortunately, almost everything Americans though they knew about Ness was wrong, and he was, in reality, just a man, a man with feet of clay. Denied his dream of heading up the Chicago FBI office, Ness accepted a job as Safety Director of the city of Cleveland, in charge of the police, fire, and traffic safety departments. Unfortunately, his tenure coincided with the Cleveland Torso Killings.
During the 1930s, forensics was not really much of a thing in crime solving. The idea of maintaining records of fingerprints and mugshots had only been around for a few decades, but Cleveland did have a collection of materials and was one of the first 10 cities in America to use the Bertillon System, designed by French anthropologist Alphonse Bertillon. It was a technique of using photos and measurements of multiple specific physical characteristics to identify criminals. A room in the Cleveland police department was devoted to keeping files on hundreds of individuals. However, it was of little use in identifying the Torso Murderer(s) or victims. Of the 12-13 widely accepted victims, only three were ever identified. The others were John and Jane Does.



Person.
Horatio Alger was born on January 13, 1832 in Massachusetts and died in 1899. Few 19th century authors was as prolific or as influential as Alger in American History.
After excelling at Harvard, he tried editing and teaching for a living while writing. His first published work came in 1857. In 1864, he became a Unitarian minister, and he continued to have some minor publishing successes. In 1866, he was confronted with accusations of sexually molesting boys. He denied nothing, left the ministry, and left town; the church took no further action. Moving to New York, he was inspired by the numerous poor, sometimes orphaned, street boys to start writing his "rags to riches" novels, eventually numbering about a 100 titles. They were practically all the same: poor young boy living a desperate life until his hard work and/or heroic deed gets recognized and he begins a successful and prosperous life.
Alger's books resonated perfectly with the ideals of the Gilded Age. The Protestant Work Ethic was strongly promoted as an American virtue, especially by those wealthy captains of industry who justified their wealth by cutting their own piety and dogged determination. You too can achieve success if you work hard and do as you're told. Sales and his income declined in the 1890s, and he suffered what he called "a breakdown." He was forced to move in with his sister, and he died in her home, largely unnoticed by the public and press. By 1926, he had sold about 20 million copies of his books.

Place.
Horatio Alger was born on January 13, 1832 in Massachusetts and died in 1899. Few 19th century authors was as prolific or as influential as Alger in American History.
At 16, Alger passed the Harvard entrance examinations and was admitted to the class of 1852. The 14-member, full-time Harvard faculty represented a Who's Who of America's elite academics of the day, including Louis Agassiz and Asa Gray (sciences), Cornelius Conway Felton (classics), James Walker (religion and philosophy), and Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (belles-lettres). Edward Everett served as president. Alger's classmate Joseph Hodges Choate described Harvard at this time as "provincial and local because its scope and outlook hardly extended beyond the boundaries of New England; besides which it was very denominational, being held exclusively in the hands of Unitarians".

Thing.
Horatio Alger was born on January 13, 1832 in Massachusetts and died in 1899. Few 19th century authors was as prolific or as influential as Alger in American History.
From Wikipedia:
"The Horatio Alger Association of Distinguished Americans is a nonprofit organization based in Alexandria, Virginia, that was founded in 1947 to honor the achievements of outstanding Americans who have succeeded in spite of adversity and to emphasize the importance of higher education. The association is named for Horatio Alger, a 19th-century author of hundreds of dime novels in the "rags-to-riches" genre, extolling the importance of perseverance and hard work.
The association gives the annual Horatio Alger Award to exemplars of its ideals. It also grants scholarships, and describes itself as the largest provider of need-based scholarships in the United States. All scholarships are funded by the generosity of the members of the Horatio Alger Association."



Person.
English American author Hugh Lofting was born on January 14, 1886. He's most famous for creating the veterinarian that talked to the animals and had fantastic adventures, Dr. Dolittle. He published 9 Dolittle books, and two more were edited posthumously.
Lofting studied as a civil engineer before enlisting in the British Army in WWI. By that time, he had married and had children, but he refused to write home about the war. Instead he created Dr. Dolittle, set in early Victorian England, and filled his letters home with stories and illustrations. Wounded in the war, he emigrated to the US in 1919 and the first Dolittle book was published in 1920.

Place.
English American author Hugh Lofting was born on January 14, 1886. He's most famous for creating the veterinarian that talked to the animals and had fantastic adventures, Dr. Dolittle. He published 9 Dolittle books, and two more were edited posthumously.
In today's Person post, I said that Lofting and his family emigrated to the US following WWII. That was a little imprecise. Lofting actually had spent time in the US prior to the war, as a graduate engineering student at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1904. In 1906, he returned to London Polytechnic where he completed a degree.
He practiced architecture briefly, then he prospected for gold and worked as a surveyor in Canada. During the next couple of years he traveled to West Africa and Cuba, where he served as a railway engineer. By 1912, he was back in the States, having decided engineering and architecture weren't for him after all. He moved to New York and married Flora Small that year. He also began sending manuscripts of articles and short stories to magazines. Flora bore him his first two children, Elizabeth and Colin. Eventually, he had two more wives and one additional child. Despite taking up residence in the U.S the rest of his life, Lofting never became a naturalized American citizen. He remained a British subject until his death.

Thing.
English American author Hugh Lofting was born on January 14, 1886. He's most famous for creating the veterinarian that talked to the animals and had fantastic adventures, Dr. Dolittle. He published 9 Dolittle books, and two more were edited posthumously.
"Victory for the Slain" (1942), Lofting's only work for adults, consists of a single long poem in seven parts about the futility of war, permeated by the refrain "In war the only victors are the slain." It; originally appeared only in the United Kingdom. Lofting's WWI experiences made him a committed pacifist. He opposed war not only for humanity's sake, but he was also traumatized by the war's impact on animals. People often don't realize that an estimated 8 million horses and mules were killed along with thousands of dogs and carrier pigeons.
"Lofting would become an internationalist as a result of his experiences stemming from World War I and advocated “Peace Preparedness” between nations. He would also, at least implicitly, become an anti-imperialist who stressed international cooperation. This spirit of cooperation is evident in his children's books. For instance, in The Voyages of Dr. Dolittle, the title character defends a smaller tribe of “Indians” from a larger tribe. Eventually Dolittle helps the two tribes forge a pact of cooperation. This is just one of many examples of his pacifist philosophy in his children's literature." (Wikipedia)

Wednesday, February 15, 2023

Person, Place, and Thing: January 1 - 7

 



Persons.

On January 1, 1892, the Ellis Island immigration center in New York harbor opened its doors, replacing the Castle Clinton facility as the major east coast gateway into America. Between 1892 and 1954, 12 million people arrived in America to begin new lives.

Many of them settled in New York's lower Eastside, at least temporarily, making that area of the city a crowded, bustling, active neighborhood for people of dozens of languages and cultures. It's still a contender for one of the most ethnically diverse areas on earth.

The Tenement Museum opened in 1988 to tell the story of the area in the actual tenements that served as homes and livelihoods for the immigrants. 97 Orchard Street is a great social history of the building at that address, through the lives and foods of five different families that lived there at the turn of the 20th century. Containing 40 recipes, it is a fun and fascinating social history of their shopping, cooking, and eating.

97 Orchard was home to families like the Schneiderswho ran a German beer saloon there and lived in the building, the Moores who faced the anti-Irish prejudice at the time and lived in the heart of "Little Germany," Nathalie Gumpertz whose husband abandoned her at 97 Orchard with four small children, and the Lustgartens who opened a kosher butcher shop there as eastern European Jews moved into the former Little Germany.


Place.

On January 1, 1892, the Ellis Island immigration center in New York harbor opened its doors, replacing the Castle Clinton facility as the major east coast gateway into America. Between 1892 and 1954, 12 million people arrived in America to begin new lives.

The Tenement Museum on New York's Lower Eastside was established in 1988, in actual tenement buildings that housed so many of the immigrants who passed through Ellis Island. The exhibits are first rate, and the guided tours of the buildings and the neighborhood are terrific experiences. @thetenementmuseum And the store is full of great books like 97 Orchard Street, a food history of tenement life at the turn of the 20th century.

If you're in the area, it's a must-visit. Then, take some time on your own and wander around the streets of one of the most diverse areas on the planet, stop in and tour one of the most beautiful buildings I've ever seen, @museumateldridgestreet - a former synagogue,cand then explore Chinatown and maybe eat at the city's oldest dim sum restaurant @nomwah .


Things

On January 1, 1892, the Ellis Island immigration center in New York harbor opened its doors, replacing the Castle Clinton facility as the major east coast gateway into America. Between 1892 and 1954, 12 million people arrived in America to begin new lives.

When you enter the building at Ellis Island today, one of the first things you see is a large array of luggage, trunks, and baskets, actual pieces donated by descendants of immigrants who passed through the facility. Visitors can imagine the lives of the people who brought all their belongings in those containers to a whole new country where they knew nothing and nobody, maybe not even the language. They had no idea how their lives would go, and yet they gave up all to make the trip, searching for a new life.

The book 97 Orchard Street takes readers deeper into the lives of five such families, through their food ways, and food is always an important part of social history.



Persons.

From January 1 through 7, 1923, the small black community of Rosewood Florida was burned down by a white mob. Officially, six blacks and two whites were killed, but unofficial counts range from 27 to 150 dead. Survivors spent days hiding in the woods or being hidden by sympathetic whites until they could leave the area. For decades after, there were no black residents in the area.

It started when Fannie Taylor, a white woman, claimed a black man had beaten her. She never mentioned rape, but, as often happened at the time, word was spread in the nearby white community that she was raped. The woman in the photograph was Sarah Carrier, with her son Sylvester and daughter Willie, taken in 1910. She did laundry for Taylor. She and her granddaughter reported that they had seen a white man leaving Taylor's house that day and that they had seen him there before. Meanwhile a black prisoner had escaped from a chain gang nearby.

Soon as many as 400 white men from the surrounding area arrived. Sylvester Carrier was tortured and lynched because they believed he he had helped the escapee. His mother Sarah was killed in her home. As violence escalated, all the homes and businesses in Rosewood were burned down, and blacks fled into the woods. Some women and children were hidden by the white family who ran the general store ( Their house is the only building remaining in Rosewood today.) and other whites in the area. Two white train conductors stopped on their route to pick up women and children and take them away from the area.

Although the incident received much press attention at the time, it was purposely forgotten and covered up, eve survivors refused to say anything, until 1982 when a reporter for the St. Petersburg Times, Gary Moore, began investigating and asking why there were no black residents in the area. Reporters and researchers digging into the story and legislators who pushed for state recognition and compensation to survivors received death threats through the 1990s.

Place.

From January 1 through 7, 1923, the small black community of Rosewood Florida was burned down by a white mob. Officially, six blacks and two whites were killed, but unofficial counts range from 27 to 150 dead. Survivors spent days hiding in the woods or being hidden by sympathetic whites until they could leave the area. For decades after, there were no black residents in the area.

Wikipedia:
Rosewood was settled in 1847, nine miles (14 km) east of Cedar Key, near the Gulf of Mexico. Most of the local economy drew on the timber industry; the name Rosewood refers to the reddish color of cut cedar wood. Two pencil mills were founded nearby in Cedar Key; local residents also worked in several turpentine mills and a sawmill three miles (4.8 km) away in Sumner, in addition to farming of citrus and cotton. The hamlet grew enough to warrant the construction of a post office and train depot on the Florida Railroad in 1870, but it was never incorporated as a town.

As was common in the late 19th century South, Florida had imposed legal racial segregation under Jim Crow laws requiring separate black and white public facilities and transportation. Black and white residents created their own community centers: by 1920, the residents of Rosewood were mostly self-sufficient. They had three churches, a school, a large Masonic Hall, a turpentine mill, a sugarcane mill, a baseball team named the Rosewood Stars, and two general stores, one of which was white-owned. The village had about a dozen two-story wooden plank homes, other small two-room houses, and several small unoccupied plank farm and storage structures. Some families owned pianos, organs, and other symbols of middle-class prosperity. Survivors of Rosewood remember it as a happy place. In 1995, survivor Robie Mortin recalled at age 79 that when she was a child there, that "Rosewood was a town where everyone's house was painted. There were roses everywhere you walked. Lovely."

Thing

From January 1 through 7, 1923, the small black community of Rosewood Florida was burned down by a white mob. Officially, six blacks and two whites were killed, but unofficial counts range from 27 to 150 dead. Survivors spent days hiding in the woods or being hidden by sympathetic whites until they could leave the area. For decades after, there were no black residents in the area.

There is a permanent exhibit of Rosewood artifacts at Bethune-Cookman University in Daytona. There just aren't that many artifacts that weren't destroyed, or perhaps there are some artifacts yet to be found. The survivors ran into their woods with nothing, many in their nightclothes, all but one of the buildings was destroyed,band there may be some people who have family artifacts but who are still reluctant to share. As far as I can ascertain today, the Bethune-Cookman exhibit is the only permanent Rosewood exhibit. Another exhibit is opening at Florida International University in Miami in a few days. As we enter the centennial year of the massacre, there may be other events in planning.



Person.

On January 3, 1853, Solomon Northrup was freed after illegal kidnapping and enslavement, with the aid of New York governor Washington Hunt. He went on to write his memoir of the events, Twelve Years a Slave, published later that year.

Northrup was a free man in Saratoga Springs New York who made his living as a carpenter and a violinist. In 1841, he was approached by two circus promoters who offered him a musician's job with their circus. He traveled with them to Washington DC, where he awoke to find himself drugged, bound, and in a slave pen. He was transported to New Orleans from there by ship. He was sold and leased to several men during his twelve years of enslavement, and he was assigned to various roles from field hand to carpenter. After brutal beatings suffered each time he protested about his free status, he kept quiet until he met a Canadian abolitionist carpenter named Samuel Bass, who was building his owner's house. Bass agreed to mail letters to Northrup's family and friends in New York. One letter reached Henry Northrup, the white politician who had freed Solomon's father, and he had connections to the governor of New York. Gov. Hunt appointed Northrup as a state agent to travel to Louisiana and secure Solomon's freedom. Working with a local attorney, he found Solomon, a difficult task because Solomon and Bass had both used false names and omissions of locations in the letters just in case they fell into the wrong hands.

Solomon Northrup filed charges and lawsuits against his kidnappers, but the cases went nowhere because of legal technicalities in DC and in New York. He resumed carpentry, published his story, and became an active abolitionist. After 1857, however, he disappeared from all historical records and there is no evidence of what happened to him.


Place.

On January 3, 1853, Solomon Northrup was freed after illegal kidnapping and enslavement, with the aid of New York governor Washington Hunt. He went on to write his memoir of the events, Twelve Years a Slave, published later that year.

Northrup was a free man in Saratoga Springs New York who made his living as a carpenter and a violinist. In 1841, he was approached by two circus promoters who offered him a musician's job with their circus. He traveled with them to Washington DC, where he awoke to find himself drugged, bound, and in a slave pen. He was transported to New Orleans from there by ship.

In Washington DC, slavery and the slave trade were legal until the Compromise of 1850 made the slave trade, but not slavery, illegal in the district. Contemporary accounts often speak of numerous slave pens and slave auction houses located within blocks of the Capitol and the White House, where enslaved people were housed until purchase. It was one of these establishments at which Northrup awoke.

The most famous photographs of a slave auction house and slave pens were taken by Matthew Brady of the Price, Birch, & Co. in Alexandria Virginia, in operation from 1858 to 1861.

Thing

On January 3, 1853, Solomon Northrup was freed after illegal kidnapping and enslavement, with the aid of New York governor Washington Hunt. He went on to write his memoir of the events, Twelve Years a Slave, published later that year.

Northrup was a free man in Saratoga Springs New York who made his living as a carpenter and a violinist. In 1841, he was approached by two circus promoters who offered him a musician's job with their circus. He traveled with them to Washington DC, where he awoke to find himself drugged, bound, and in a slave pen. He was transported to New Orleans from there by ship.

While enslaved, he worked at various jobs on the various plantations, from field hand to carpenter to driver (drivers were enslaved supervisors of other enslaved workers). He also worked as a musician. There was a big demand for fiddlers and other musicians to play at social gatherings,band he was, by all accounts, extremely talented. Enslaved musicians were often paid in easier hours or jobs or even cash. On at least one occasion, Northrup was tipped $17, an exceptional account.

Northrup included some sheet music in his memoir, like the song pictured here.



Person

If you were alive in the 1970s, you saw Hollywood's hardest working American Indian, Iron Eyes Cody in a series of anti-littering tv commercials. Born in Louisiana in 1904, Cody died on January 4, 1999. With a career starting in the late 1920s, he appeared in over 200 films and over 100 television shows. For 70 years, he was Hollywood's go-to Indian. Only after his death did the world learn the truth: Cody was not an Indian at all, despite the fact that he claimed several tribes as his own, lobbied for numerous American Indian causes, and he was only ever photographed wearing Indian regalia.

In fact, Cody was of Sicilian ancestry. He had convinced the whole country, including himself, that he was Native American. When a sister told the truth in the press in 1996, he vehemently denied it.

His story is unique mostly because of the massive body of work and the level of fame that he attained. Until the 1970s, very few American Indians had speaking roles in Hollywood westerns. Jay Silverheels (Tonto on The Lone Ranger), a Canadian Native American, was the most notable exception. Most Hollywood Indians, speaking roles and extras, were Italian, Spanish, Mexican, Jewish, or some other eastern or southern European ethnicity. Ricardo Montalban and Leonard Nimoy played many Indians in their early days.

Cody recounted many stories of his Hollywood career and the stars he worked with in his 1982 autobiography, My Life As A Hollywood Indian, but maintained his ethnicity deception/delusion.

Place.

If you were alive in the 1970s, you saw Hollywood's hardest working American Indian, Iron Eyes Cody in a series of anti-littering tv commercials. Born in Louisiana in 1904, Cody died on January 4, 1999. With a career starting in the late 1920s, he appeared in over 200 films and over 100 television shows. For 70 years, he was Hollywood's go-to Indian. Only after his death did the world learn the truth: Cody was not an Indian at all, despite the fact that he claimed several tribes as his own, lobbied for numerous American Indian causes, and he was only ever photographed wearing Indian regalia.

Wikipedia:
"Cody was born Espera Oscar de Corti on April 3, 1904, in Kaplan in Vermilion Parish, in southwestern Louisiana, a second son of Francesca Salpietra from Sicily and her husband, Antonio de Corti from southern Italy. He had two brothers, Joseph and Frank, and a sister, Victoria. His parents had a local grocery store in Gueydan, Louisiana, where he grew up. His father left the family and moved to Texas, where he took the name Tony Corti. His mother married Alton Abshire and had five more children with him.

When the three de Corti brothers were teenagers, they joined their father in Texas and shortened their last name from de Corti to Corti. Cody's father, Tony Corti, died in Texas in 1924. The brothers moved on to California, where they were acting in movies, and changed their surname to Cody. Joseph William and Frank Henry Cody worked as extras, then moved on to other work. Frank was killed by a hit-and-run driver in 1949."

Cody recounted many stories of his Hollywood career and the stars he worked with in his 1982 autobiography, My Life As A Hollywood Indian, but maintained his ethnicity deception/delusion.

Thing.

If you were alive in the 1970s, you saw Hollywood's hardest working American Indian, Iron Eyes Cody in a series of anti-littering tv commercials. Born in Louisiana in 1904, Cody died on January 4, 1999. With a career starting in the late 1920s, he appeared in over 200 films and over 100 television shows. For 70 years, he was Hollywood's go-to Indian. Only after his death did the world learn the truth: Cody was not an Indian at all, despite the fact that he claimed several tribes as his own, lobbied for numerous American Indian causes, and he was only ever photographed wearing Indian regalia.

Cody's movie credits cover 60 years. His first appearance, uncredited, was in the silent film, Back to God's Country, in 1927. His last appearance, as Chief St. Cloud, was in Ernest Goes to Camp in 1987.




Persons.

On the 5th of January 1886, Robert Louis Stevenson's "Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde," considered a defining book of the gothic horror genre, was first published.

Stevenson had long been intrigued by the interplay of good and evil within a person. As a teen, he had written a play about William Brodie or Deacon Brodie, who maintained a reputation as an unassailably upright and solid citizen by day, but was a thief and burglar by night who used the funds from thefts to finance a major gambling habit. He and his accomplices were caught and hanged for serial theft in 1788.

As an adult, Stevenson became friends with with a French teacher in Edinburgh, Eugene Chantrelle, who was convicted of murdering his wife with opium in 1878. In the trial, which Stevenson attended, evidence was presented that potentially linked Chantrelle with other murders in France and Britain.

Stories like these inspired the story of Dr. Jekyll, an erudite gentleman ( Stevenson borrowed the name Jekyll from a friend, the Reverend Walter Jekyll, who, as far as we know, was a good citizen. I wonder how he felt about the name borrowing.) Jekyll concocts a potion that transforms him into a sinister murderer named Hyde who rampages through the city.

Place.

On the 5th of January 1886, Robert Louis Stevenson's "Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde," considered a defining book of the gothic horror genre, was first published.

Stevenson, born in Edinburgh Scotland, decided to move his family to the South Pacific in 1888. After spending time in Hawaii, Tahiti, and various other islands, they decided to make their home in Samoa. There he became an important advocate for Polynesians in general, and Samoans in particular, as the European and American imperialists greedily eyed the islands as possessions.

"On 3 December 1894, Stevenson was talking to his wife and straining to open a bottle of wine when he suddenly exclaimed, "What's that?", then asked his wife, "Does my face look strange?", and collapsed. He died within a few hours, at the age of 44, due to a stroke. The Samoans insisted on surrounding his body with a watch-guard during the night and on bearing him on their shoulders to nearby Mount Vaea, where they buried him on a spot overlooking the sea on land donated by the British Acting Vice Consul." (Wikipedia)


Things.

On the 5th of January 1886, Robert Louis Stevenson's "Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde," considered a defining book of the gothic horror genre, was first published.

I found it interesting to read about the different themes that literary critics and literature professors have ascribed to the work. Literature majors have to come up with something to give themselves something to do, right?

1. The most common is the duality of good and evil or civility versus barbarism, even Freudian conscious versus unconscious.

2. Speaking of Freud: Id, Ego, Super-Ego. Hyde represents the primal Id, Jekyll is the Ego, and the straight-laced morals and expectations of Victorian society make up the Super-Ego.

3. Public vs Private: kind of a duality, kind of back to rigid Victorian rules of society. The conflict is the conflict between one's public face and private face and what happens when the line blurs.

4. Another interpretation forwarded is more political. Hyde represents Scotland's national and linguistic separation from the more respectable and conservative England imposed on it.

5. Some readers have suggested that addiction is the major theme of the story, particularly the effects of alcohol and drugs.

6. Finally, one theory proposes that the story is a commentary on Darwin's theory of evolution, with Jekyll representing the evolved, civilized man and Hyde representing the less evolved man.



Person.

E.L. Doctorow was born on January 6, 1931 and died in 2015. He is best known for his works of historical fiction like Ragtime and Billy Bathgate. Several of his works were adapted into movies. He was known for his historical settings and for creating fictional characters and stories that involved real historical figures.

He was born in the Bronx to second generation Russian Jewish parents who named him after Edgar Allan Poe. He joined the school literary magazine of the Bronx High School of Science and took journalism courses. In college, he majored in philosophy and took part in theater productions. After military service, he worked as a reader for a motion picture company and published his first novel in 1960.He then became an editor before turning to writing full time in 1969.

Ragtime has been named one of the 100 best novels of the 20th Century by the Modern Library. Doctorow's works have been awarded national accolades multiple times.


Place.

E.L. Doctorow was born on January 6, 1931 and died in 2015. He is best known for his works of historical fiction like Ragtime and Billy Bathgate. Several of his works were adapted into movies. He was known for his historical settings and for creating fictional characters and stories that involved real historical figures.

"To support his family, Doctorow spent nine years as a book editor, first at New American Library working with Ian Fleming and Any Rand among others; and from 1964, as editor-in-chief at Dial Press, publishing work by James Baldwin,  Norman Mailer, Ernest J. Gaines, and William Kennedy, among others." (Wikipedia)

Ragtime has been named one of the 100 best novels of the 20th Century by the Modern Library. Doctorow's works have been awarded national accolades multiple times.


Thing.

E.L. Doctorow was born on January 6, 1931 and died in 2015. He is best known for his works of historical fiction like Ragtime and Billy Bathgate. Several of his works were adapted into movies. He was known for his historical settings and for creating fictional characters and stories that involved real historical figures.

Ragtime the musical with music by Stephen Flaherty, lyrics by Lynn Ahrens and a book by Terence McNally opened in Toronto in 1997 before moving to Broadway in 1998. Although it received mixed reviews, it led the field in 1998 Tony nominations with 13. It won four Tonys, losing Best Musical to The Lion King. It closed on Broadway in 2000 after nearly 850 performances.

Ragtime has been named one of the 100 best novels of the 20th Century by the Modern Library. Doctorow's works have been awarded national accolades multiple times.


Person.

Fannie Farmer published her first cookbook, The Boston Cooking School Cook Book, on January 7 1896. It eventually contained 1,850 recipes plus essays on housekeeping, cleaning, canning, drying fruits and vegetables, and nutrition. It introduced the concept of standardized spoons and cups and level measurement, and is considered a major milestone in outlining the science of cooking. It is still in print today.

Farmer was born in Boston in 1857 to a family of four daughters and parents who believed in the value of education for girls, but she suffered a paralytic stroke high school, blocking her formal education aspirations. Even while suffering the effects of the stroke, she turned her family home into a boarding house which acquired a reputation for delicious food.

At age 30, she was able to walk, with a persistent lifelong limp, and she became a star student at the Boston Cooking School. In 1891, she became the school's principal. In 1902, she created her own cookery school. She also worked closely with physicians and lectured at medical schools about the importance of nutrition in health. She was wheelchair bound the last 7 years of her life but continued writing, lecturing, and developing recipes until her death, due to a stroke, in 1915.

Place.

Fannie Farmer published her first cookbook, The Boston Cooking School Cook Book, on January 7 1896. It eventually contained 1,850 recipes plus essays on housekeeping, cleaning, canning, drying fruits and vegetables, and nutrition. It introduced the concept of standardized spoons and cups and level measurement, and is considered a major milestone in outlining the science of cooking. It is still in print today.

According to Wikipedia, The Boston Cooking School was founded in 1879 by the Women's Education Association  of Boston "to offer instruction in cooking to those who wished to earn their livelihood as cooks, or who would make practical use of such information in their families."

The idea for the school was first proposed by Association member Mrs. Sarah E. Hooper, who had observed the teaching of cookery at London's National School of Cookery, while passing through that city on her return from an extended trip to Australia. She persuaded the Association to authorize $100 to launch a similar school in Boston; The Boston Cooking School opened on March 10, 1879, at 158½ Tremont Street. In 1902, it became part of Simmons College.

Thing.

Fannie Farmer published her first cookbook, The Boston Cooking School Cook Book, on January 7 1896. It eventually contained 1,850 recipes plus essays on housekeeping, cleaning, canning, drying fruits and vegetables, and nutrition.

The revolutionary thing about Farmer's book is the scientific method that she introduced in her recipes. "Farmer provided scientific explanations of the chemical processes that occur in food during cooking, and also helped to standardize the system of measurements used in cooking in the USA. Before the Cookbook's publication, other American recipes frequently called for amounts such as "a piece of butter the size of an egg" or "a teacup of milk." Farmer's systematic discussion of measurement —"A cupful is measured level ... A tablespoonful is measured level. A teaspoonful is measured level."—led to her being named "the mother of level measurements." " (Wikipedia)