Persons.
On September 28, 1781, 9,000 American and 7,000 French troops began the siege of Yorktown Virginia. Surrounded by troops on land and a French fleet commanded by Comte de Grasse, British General Lord Cornwallis found retreat impossible and was eventually forced to surrender, giving George Washington victory in the last major battle of the American Revolution.
Francois Joseph Paul de Grasse (1722-1788), the Comte de Grasse, was a career French naval officer who started his naval career as a page at 11 and officially joined the French Navy at 17. During the Seven Years War, he served in and around India. After the French kiss of the war, he was instrumental in rebuilding the French Navy. In 1781, his fleet supported the American siege at Yorktown, landing some 3,000 French troops and blockading the port to prevent British retreat. After Yorktown, he suffered a couple of defeats in the Caribbean and was captured and taken to London. While in London, he participated in the preliminary work of drawing up the peace treaty between Britain and the former colonies. Unfortunately, when he returned to France in 1784, he blamed his captains for the Caribbean losses. They were court-martialed but exonerated; the scandal essentially ended de Grasse 's naval career.
Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis, (1738-1805) joined the British Army in 1757, serving in the Seven Years War. In the American Revolution he led British troops in several major victories across the South, effectively controlling the South until forced to surrender at Yorktown. After the war, he served as governor in Ireland and India, where he died of fever just a few months after arrival
Nathaniel Philbrick's In the Hurricane's Eye, the third of his American Revolution trilogy, is a masterful telling of the Battle of Yorktown story.
Place.
On September 28, 1781, 9,000 American and 7,000 French troops began the siege of Yorktown Virginia. Surrounded by troops on land and a French fleet commanded by Comte de Grasse, British General Lord Cornwallis found retreat impossible and was eventually forced to surrender, giving George Washington victory in the last major battle of the American Revolution.
Yorktown Virginia was founded in 1691 as a port on the York River for English colonists to export tobacco to Europe. It became the county seat of York County in 1696. It was at the height of uts development around 1750 when there were 250-300 buildings and a population of almost 2,000. It was not only the site of the last major battle of the American Revolution, but also the site of a significant battle in the Civil War. Today there are nine pre-Revolutionary buildings still standing.
Nathaniel Philbrick's In the Hurricane's Eye, the third of his American Revolution trilogy, is a masterful telling of the Battle of Yorktown story.
On September 28, 1781, 9,000 American and 7,000 French troops began the siege of Yorktown Virginia. Surrounded by troops on land and a French fleet commanded by Comte de Grasse, British General Lord Cornwallis found retreat impossible and was eventually forced to surrender, giving George Washington victory in the last major battle of the American Revolution.
Yorktown Virginia was founded in 1691 as a port on the York River for English colonists to export tobacco to Europe. It became the county seat of York County in 1696. It was at the height of uts development around 1750 when there were 250-300 buildings and a population of almost 2,000. It was not only the site of the last major battle of the American Revolution, but also the site of a significant battle in the Civil War. Today there are nine pre-Revolutionary buildings still standing.
Nathaniel Philbrick's In the Hurricane's Eye, the third of his American Revolution trilogy, is a masterful telling of the Battle of Yorktown story.
Thing.
On September 28, 1781, 9,000 American and 7,000 French troops began the siege of Yorktown Virginia. Surrounded by troops on land and a French fleet commanded by Comte de Grasse, British General Lord Cornwallis found retreat impossible and was eventually forced to surrender, giving George Washington victory in the last major battle of the American Revolution.
I bet you, like me, have read and been taught your whole life that the British Army musicians played the song "The World Turned Upside Down" as the British officially surrendered to George Washington. The song was first published in 1646 to protest the Puritan Parliament's ban on Christmas celebrations.
According to American legend, the British army band under Lord Cornwallis played this tune. Customarily, the British army would have played an American or French tune in tribute to the victors, but General Washington supposedly refused them the honors of war (which sounds fishy to me, based on Washington's character) and insisted that they play "a British or German march." Although American history textbooks continue to propagate the legend, the story may have been apocryphal as it first appears in the historical record a century after the surrender.
On September 28, 1781, 9,000 American and 7,000 French troops began the siege of Yorktown Virginia. Surrounded by troops on land and a French fleet commanded by Comte de Grasse, British General Lord Cornwallis found retreat impossible and was eventually forced to surrender, giving George Washington victory in the last major battle of the American Revolution.
I bet you, like me, have read and been taught your whole life that the British Army musicians played the song "The World Turned Upside Down" as the British officially surrendered to George Washington. The song was first published in 1646 to protest the Puritan Parliament's ban on Christmas celebrations.
According to American legend, the British army band under Lord Cornwallis played this tune. Customarily, the British army would have played an American or French tune in tribute to the victors, but General Washington supposedly refused them the honors of war (which sounds fishy to me, based on Washington's character) and insisted that they play "a British or German march." Although American history textbooks continue to propagate the legend, the story may have been apocryphal as it first appears in the historical record a century after the surrender.
Persons.
Stan Berenstain was born on September 29, 1923 and died on November 28, 2005. Together with his wife Janice (Jan), he created the children's book series The Berenstain Bears, and, yes, its Berenstain.
They were both born and raised in Philadelphia. They met on their first day of art school at the Philadelphia Museum School of Industrial Art in 1941. During WWII, Stan worked as a military medical illustrator and Jan was a draft artist for the Army Corps of Engineers in addition to working in an aircraft factory. They married in 1946.
After the war, they initially worked as art teachers, but they started having success selling cartoons and illustrations for various national magazines. In 1951, they published Berenstains' Baby Book, a humorous how -to book aimed at new parents and reflecting their own new parenthood. They released a few other humor books aimed at adults, but, in the early 1960s, they wanted to switch to children's books. Their first attempt, Freddy Bear's Spanking, happened to land on the desk of Theodore Geisel, aka Dr. Seuss, an editor at Random House at the time. He loved it and continued editing and advising them for years. The book was published in 1962 as The Big Honey Hunt. Geisel then advised them to do other animals; there were too many bears. Sales exploded, however, and 300+ Berenstain books, cartoon adaptations, and lots of merchandise later, the Bears continue, now in the hands of sons Leo and Mike. By 2003, over 240 million copies were sold.
They remain successful despite criticism that they are "syrupy," "hokey," "moralistic," "stern lectures," "smug," "complacent," "simplistic," and "Christian propaganda."
Stan Berenstain was born on September 29, 1923 and died on November 28, 2005. Together with his wife Janice (Jan), he created the children's book series The Berenstain Bears, and, yes, its Berenstain.
They were both born and raised in Philadelphia. They met on their first day of art school at the Philadelphia Museum School of Industrial Art in 1941. During WWII, Stan worked as a military medical illustrator and Jan was a draft artist for the Army Corps of Engineers in addition to working in an aircraft factory. They married in 1946.
After the war, they initially worked as art teachers, but they started having success selling cartoons and illustrations for various national magazines. In 1951, they published Berenstains' Baby Book, a humorous how -to book aimed at new parents and reflecting their own new parenthood. They released a few other humor books aimed at adults, but, in the early 1960s, they wanted to switch to children's books. Their first attempt, Freddy Bear's Spanking, happened to land on the desk of Theodore Geisel, aka Dr. Seuss, an editor at Random House at the time. He loved it and continued editing and advising them for years. The book was published in 1962 as The Big Honey Hunt. Geisel then advised them to do other animals; there were too many bears. Sales exploded, however, and 300+ Berenstain books, cartoon adaptations, and lots of merchandise later, the Bears continue, now in the hands of sons Leo and Mike. By 2003, over 240 million copies were sold.
They remain successful despite criticism that they are "syrupy," "hokey," "moralistic," "stern lectures," "smug," "complacent," "simplistic," and "Christian propaganda."
Place.
Stan Berenstain was born on September 29, 1923 and died on November 28, 2005. Together with his wife Janice (Jan), he created the children's book series The Berenstain Bears, and, yes, it's Berenstain.
The Strong National Museum of Play in Rochester New York has a permanent Berenstain Bears exhibit, a reproduction of Bear Country for kids of all ages.
Honestly, the Strong looks like a great place to visit for everybody. Over 100,000 square feet including a Toys Hall of Fame, Material Girl Barbies exhibit, butterfly garden, Wegmans kids supermarket, Reading Adventureland, Pinball Playfields, Peanuts, history, board games, , egames, Dancelab, carousel, trains, Sesame Street, aquarium, comic books, ETC.
Stan Berenstain was born on September 29, 1923 and died on November 28, 2005. Together with his wife Janice (Jan), he created the children's book series The Berenstain Bears, and, yes, it's Berenstain.
The Strong National Museum of Play in Rochester New York has a permanent Berenstain Bears exhibit, a reproduction of Bear Country for kids of all ages.
Honestly, the Strong looks like a great place to visit for everybody. Over 100,000 square feet including a Toys Hall of Fame, Material Girl Barbies exhibit, butterfly garden, Wegmans kids supermarket, Reading Adventureland, Pinball Playfields, Peanuts, history, board games, , egames, Dancelab, carousel, trains, Sesame Street, aquarium, comic books, ETC.
Thing.
Stan Berenstain was born on September 29, 1923 and died on November 28, 2005. Together with his wife Janice (Jan), he created the children's book series The Berenstain Bears, and, yes, it's Berenstain.
Not only are there over 300 Berenstain Bears books, but there are also lots and lots of official Berenstain toys. There have been several Bear treehouse playsets over the decades, including this one from the 70s.
Stan Berenstain was born on September 29, 1923 and died on November 28, 2005. Together with his wife Janice (Jan), he created the children's book series The Berenstain Bears, and, yes, it's Berenstain.
Not only are there over 300 Berenstain Bears books, but there are also lots and lots of official Berenstain toys. There have been several Bear treehouse playsets over the decades, including this one from the 70s.
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Person.
On September 30, 1946, the Allied judges of the Nuremberg trials delivered their verdicts in the first war crimes trials of former top Nazi Germany officials. 24 men were initially indicted, but industrialist Gustav Krupp was deemed too ill to stand trial, the Allies were unaware of Martin Bormann's death, and Robert Ley had committed suicide. The remaining defendants were tried in the first ever international war crimes or crimes against humanity trial for their roles in planning and organizing the slaughter of 12 million Jews, Roma, homosexuals, political opponents, Poles, and others in the Holocaust.
The trial lasted a year as American, British, French, and Soviet prosecutors laid out the mountain of evidence and witnesses collected as the Allies had liberated camps during the war. It was the first of 12 war crimes trials of German and Japanese officials from 1945-1949. Ben Ferencz, still alive today at age 102, served as one of the top US prosecutors in the Subsequent Nuremberg Trials.
Ferencz, born in then-Hungary, now Romania, immigrated to the US with his parents at 10 months old. He studied crime prevention and earned a scholarship to Harvard Law School, graduating in 1943. He joined the Army where he first served as a clerk in North Carolina. In 1945, he was transferred to Patton's Third Army, assigned to collecting evidence for war crimes trials. He was appointed chief prosecutor in the Einsatzgruppen Case, the trial of 22 leaders of the units who took Jews and Roma out of villages as the German army rolled through and shot them into mass graves. In his post-war career, he was instrumental in establishing the International Criminal Court.
Justice at Nuremberg is a history of the first Nuremberg Trials.
On September 30, 1946, the Allied judges of the Nuremberg trials delivered their verdicts in the first war crimes trials of former top Nazi Germany officials. 24 men were initially indicted, but industrialist Gustav Krupp was deemed too ill to stand trial, the Allies were unaware of Martin Bormann's death, and Robert Ley had committed suicide. The remaining defendants were tried in the first ever international war crimes or crimes against humanity trial for their roles in planning and organizing the slaughter of 12 million Jews, Roma, homosexuals, political opponents, Poles, and others in the Holocaust.
The trial lasted a year as American, British, French, and Soviet prosecutors laid out the mountain of evidence and witnesses collected as the Allies had liberated camps during the war. It was the first of 12 war crimes trials of German and Japanese officials from 1945-1949. Ben Ferencz, still alive today at age 102, served as one of the top US prosecutors in the Subsequent Nuremberg Trials.
Ferencz, born in then-Hungary, now Romania, immigrated to the US with his parents at 10 months old. He studied crime prevention and earned a scholarship to Harvard Law School, graduating in 1943. He joined the Army where he first served as a clerk in North Carolina. In 1945, he was transferred to Patton's Third Army, assigned to collecting evidence for war crimes trials. He was appointed chief prosecutor in the Einsatzgruppen Case, the trial of 22 leaders of the units who took Jews and Roma out of villages as the German army rolled through and shot them into mass graves. In his post-war career, he was instrumental in establishing the International Criminal Court.
Justice at Nuremberg is a history of the first Nuremberg Trials.
Place.
On September 30, 1946, the Allied judges of the Nuremberg trials delivered their verdicts in the first war crimes trials of former top Nazi Germany officials. 24 men were initially indicted, but industrialist Gustav Krupp was deemed too ill to stand trial, the Allies were unaware of Martin Bormann's death, and Robert Ley had committed suicide. The remaining defendants were tried in the first ever international war crimes or crimes against humanity trial for their roles in planning and organizing the slaughter of 12 million Jews, Roma, homosexuals, political opponents, Poles, and others in the Holocaust.
Nuremberg is the second largest city in Bavaria after Munich, but it has long held an important place in European history. During the age of the Holy Roman Empire, it was the home of the Imperial Diet, and it became the administrative capital of the Empire. Nuremberg was the center of the German Renaissance in the 15th and 16th centuries, a city renowned for its universities, arts, and literature. It was a center of humanism, science, printing, and invention.
During the Nazi era, Hitler took full advantage of the city's history and geographical position, making it a center for huge Nazi Party conventions, rallies, and marches. Leni Riefenstahl's famous propaganda film, Triumph of the Will, documents the 1934 rally. In 1935, Hitler convened the Reichstag there to pass the Nuremberg Laws, revoking citizenship and imposing harsh restrictions on non-Aryans.
For the war crimes trials, the Soviets pushed for holding them in Berlin, but Nuremberg was chosen for two main reasons:
1. the symbolism of holding the trials in the Nazi city,
2. the Palace of Justice was large enough and had miraculously survived Allied bombing, largely intact.
On September 30, 1946, the Allied judges of the Nuremberg trials delivered their verdicts in the first war crimes trials of former top Nazi Germany officials. 24 men were initially indicted, but industrialist Gustav Krupp was deemed too ill to stand trial, the Allies were unaware of Martin Bormann's death, and Robert Ley had committed suicide. The remaining defendants were tried in the first ever international war crimes or crimes against humanity trial for their roles in planning and organizing the slaughter of 12 million Jews, Roma, homosexuals, political opponents, Poles, and others in the Holocaust.
Nuremberg is the second largest city in Bavaria after Munich, but it has long held an important place in European history. During the age of the Holy Roman Empire, it was the home of the Imperial Diet, and it became the administrative capital of the Empire. Nuremberg was the center of the German Renaissance in the 15th and 16th centuries, a city renowned for its universities, arts, and literature. It was a center of humanism, science, printing, and invention.
During the Nazi era, Hitler took full advantage of the city's history and geographical position, making it a center for huge Nazi Party conventions, rallies, and marches. Leni Riefenstahl's famous propaganda film, Triumph of the Will, documents the 1934 rally. In 1935, Hitler convened the Reichstag there to pass the Nuremberg Laws, revoking citizenship and imposing harsh restrictions on non-Aryans.
For the war crimes trials, the Soviets pushed for holding them in Berlin, but Nuremberg was chosen for two main reasons:
1. the symbolism of holding the trials in the Nazi city,
2. the Palace of Justice was large enough and had miraculously survived Allied bombing, largely intact.
Thing.
On September 30, 1946, the Allied judges of the Nuremberg trials delivered their verdicts in the first war crimes trials of former top Nazi Germany officials. 24 men were initially indicted, but industrialist Gustav Krupp was deemed too ill to stand trial, the Allies were unaware of Martin Bormann's death, and Robert Ley had committed suicide. The remaining defendants were tried in the first ever international war crimes or crimes against humanity trial for their roles in planning and organizing the slaughter of 12 million Jews, Roma, homosexuals, political opponents, Poles, and others in the Holocaust.
The following were sentenced to be executed:
Hermann Göring (committed suicide by cyanide snuck in by a duped American guard)
Joachim von Robbentrop
Wilhelm Keitel
Ernst Kaltenbrunner
Alfred Rosenberg
Hans Frank
Wilhelm Frick
Julius Streicher
Fritz Sauckel
Alfred Jodl
Arthur Seyss-Inquart
On September 30, 1946, the Allied judges of the Nuremberg trials delivered their verdicts in the first war crimes trials of former top Nazi Germany officials. 24 men were initially indicted, but industrialist Gustav Krupp was deemed too ill to stand trial, the Allies were unaware of Martin Bormann's death, and Robert Ley had committed suicide. The remaining defendants were tried in the first ever international war crimes or crimes against humanity trial for their roles in planning and organizing the slaughter of 12 million Jews, Roma, homosexuals, political opponents, Poles, and others in the Holocaust.
The following were sentenced to be executed:
Hermann Göring (committed suicide by cyanide snuck in by a duped American guard)
Joachim von Robbentrop
Wilhelm Keitel
Ernst Kaltenbrunner
Alfred Rosenberg
Hans Frank
Wilhelm Frick
Julius Streicher
Fritz Sauckel
Alfred Jodl
Arthur Seyss-Inquart
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Person.
On October 1, 1891, Stanford University opened its doors after being founded by Leland and Jane Stanford who donated $40 million dollars ( $1.3 Billion in 2022) in memory of their son, Leland Jr. Leland Sr. had started his rise to Gilded Age Tycoon by running a mercantile business with his brothers in California during the Gold Rush. He then co-founded and served as President of the Central Pacific and Southern Pacific Railroads before serving as Governor and Senator of California.
Leland Jr., born in 1868, died at age 15 of typhoid fever while the family was in Florence, Italy.
Leland Sr. died in 1893. Jane had a strong hand in Stanford's growth, steering it toward the fine arts and insisting that it admit men and women from the beginning. She traveled and sold personal jewels to raise more money for the university, and her estate was bequeathed to Stanford upon her death.
Jane died in Honolulu in 1905 by strychnine poisoning. In January 1905 at her Nob Hill San Francisco home, she tasted water from a bottle and immediately spat it out. It was analyzed and found to contain strychnine. She moved out of her house, bowing never to return. A maid was suspected and fired, but never charged. On February 28, she was in her hotel room when she asked for a bicarbonate of soda to settle her stomach. She died of poisoning as a result
Many questions were left unanswered by the quick coroner's jury verdict and the attempts of the current Stanford president to cover up the cause of death. No one was ever charged.
Who Killed Jane Stanford? is a new book that attempts to solve the mystery.
On October 1, 1891, Stanford University opened its doors after being founded by Leland and Jane Stanford who donated $40 million dollars ( $1.3 Billion in 2022) in memory of their son, Leland Jr. Leland Sr. had started his rise to Gilded Age Tycoon by running a mercantile business with his brothers in California during the Gold Rush. He then co-founded and served as President of the Central Pacific and Southern Pacific Railroads before serving as Governor and Senator of California.
Leland Jr., born in 1868, died at age 15 of typhoid fever while the family was in Florence, Italy.
Leland Sr. died in 1893. Jane had a strong hand in Stanford's growth, steering it toward the fine arts and insisting that it admit men and women from the beginning. She traveled and sold personal jewels to raise more money for the university, and her estate was bequeathed to Stanford upon her death.
Jane died in Honolulu in 1905 by strychnine poisoning. In January 1905 at her Nob Hill San Francisco home, she tasted water from a bottle and immediately spat it out. It was analyzed and found to contain strychnine. She moved out of her house, bowing never to return. A maid was suspected and fired, but never charged. On February 28, she was in her hotel room when she asked for a bicarbonate of soda to settle her stomach. She died of poisoning as a result
Many questions were left unanswered by the quick coroner's jury verdict and the attempts of the current Stanford president to cover up the cause of death. No one was ever charged.
Who Killed Jane Stanford? is a new book that attempts to solve the mystery.
Place.
On October 1, 1891, Stanford University opened its doors after being founded by Leland and Jane Stanford who donated $40 million dollars ( $1.3 Billion in 2022) in memory of their son, Leland Jr. Leland Sr. had started his rise to Gilded Age Tycoon by running a mercantile business with his brothers in California during the Gold Rush. He then co-founded and served as President of the Central Pacific and Southern Pacific Railroads before serving as Governor and Senator of California.
Leland Jr., born in 1868, died at age 15 of typhoid fever while the family was in Florence, Italy.
Stanford University is one of the largest universities in the US by area, encompassing 8,180 acres and enrolls over 17,000 students. As of April 2021, 85 Novel laureates have been affiliated with Stanford as students, alumni, faculty, or staff. Stanford is the alma mater of US President Herbert Hoover, 74 living billionaires, and 17 astronauts, and it is one of the leading producers of Fulbright Scholars, Marshall Scholars, Rhodes Scholars, and members of the US Congress.
And Stanford is in contention for the weirdest mascot and team name in collegiate ranks. There is no official mascot, but the Stanford Band's mascot is the Stanford Tree. Stanford athletic teams compete as "Cardinal," not the bird or even the Catholic Church official, the shade of red.
However, in my opinion, the Delta State Fighting Okra takes the prize for unofficial mascots. (Official team name is in the running for most boring - the Statesmen.)
On October 1, 1891, Stanford University opened its doors after being founded by Leland and Jane Stanford who donated $40 million dollars ( $1.3 Billion in 2022) in memory of their son, Leland Jr. Leland Sr. had started his rise to Gilded Age Tycoon by running a mercantile business with his brothers in California during the Gold Rush. He then co-founded and served as President of the Central Pacific and Southern Pacific Railroads before serving as Governor and Senator of California.
Leland Jr., born in 1868, died at age 15 of typhoid fever while the family was in Florence, Italy.
Stanford University is one of the largest universities in the US by area, encompassing 8,180 acres and enrolls over 17,000 students. As of April 2021, 85 Novel laureates have been affiliated with Stanford as students, alumni, faculty, or staff. Stanford is the alma mater of US President Herbert Hoover, 74 living billionaires, and 17 astronauts, and it is one of the leading producers of Fulbright Scholars, Marshall Scholars, Rhodes Scholars, and members of the US Congress.
And Stanford is in contention for the weirdest mascot and team name in collegiate ranks. There is no official mascot, but the Stanford Band's mascot is the Stanford Tree. Stanford athletic teams compete as "Cardinal," not the bird or even the Catholic Church official, the shade of red.
However, in my opinion, the Delta State Fighting Okra takes the prize for unofficial mascots. (Official team name is in the running for most boring - the Statesmen.)
Thing.
On October 1, 1891, Stanford University opened its doors after being founded by Leland and Jane Stanford who donated $40 million dollars ( $1.3 Billion in 2022) in memory of their son, Leland Jr. Leland Sr. had started his rise to Gilded Age Tycoon by running a mercantile business with his brothers in California during the Gold Rush. He then co-founded and served as President of the Central Pacific and Southern Pacific Railroads before serving as Governor and Senator of California.
Leland Jr., born in 1868, died at age 15 of typhoid fever while the family was in Florence, Italy.
Jane Stanford, the co-founder of Stanford, was murdered by strychnine poisoning, and no one was ever charged with her murder.
From Wikipedia:
"Strychnine (/ˈstrɪkniːn/ or /-nɪn/; US mainly /ˈstrɪknaɪn/) is a highly toxic, colorless, bitter, crystalline alkaloid used as a pesticide, particularly for killing small vertebrates such as birds and rodents. Strychnine, when inhaled, swallowed, or absorbed through the eyes or mouth, causes poisoning which results in muscular convulsions and eventually death through asphyxia. While it is no longer used medicinally, it was used historically in small doses to strengthen muscle contractions, such as a heart and bowel stimulant and performance-enhancing drug. The most common source is from the seeds of the Strychnos nux-vomica tree."
Who Killed Jane Stanford? is a new book that attempts to solve the mystery surrounding the murder by poisoning of university co-founder Jane Stanford.
On October 1, 1891, Stanford University opened its doors after being founded by Leland and Jane Stanford who donated $40 million dollars ( $1.3 Billion in 2022) in memory of their son, Leland Jr. Leland Sr. had started his rise to Gilded Age Tycoon by running a mercantile business with his brothers in California during the Gold Rush. He then co-founded and served as President of the Central Pacific and Southern Pacific Railroads before serving as Governor and Senator of California.
Leland Jr., born in 1868, died at age 15 of typhoid fever while the family was in Florence, Italy.
Jane Stanford, the co-founder of Stanford, was murdered by strychnine poisoning, and no one was ever charged with her murder.
From Wikipedia:
"Strychnine (/ˈstrɪkniːn/ or /-nɪn/; US mainly /ˈstrɪknaɪn/) is a highly toxic, colorless, bitter, crystalline alkaloid used as a pesticide, particularly for killing small vertebrates such as birds and rodents. Strychnine, when inhaled, swallowed, or absorbed through the eyes or mouth, causes poisoning which results in muscular convulsions and eventually death through asphyxia. While it is no longer used medicinally, it was used historically in small doses to strengthen muscle contractions, such as a heart and bowel stimulant and performance-enhancing drug. The most common source is from the seeds of the Strychnos nux-vomica tree."
Who Killed Jane Stanford? is a new book that attempts to solve the mystery surrounding the murder by poisoning of university co-founder Jane Stanford.
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Person.
On October 2, 1957, "The Bridge on the River Kwai," directed by David Lean and starring Alec Guinness and William Holden, premiered. It went on to win six Oscars, including Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actor, and Best Adapted Screenplay in 1958, one of my favorite WWII movies, a classic.
The movie was all fiction based on the fiction written by French novelist Pierre Boulle. Kwai and his other most successful novel, Planet of the Apes, are among my favorite novels. (I am a huge POTA fan and rank it up there with Star Trek as the best entertainment universes ever created. I love the original movies, the tv series, the animated tv series, the novels, the comic books, the updated movies, etc. And, by the way, the original film bears very little resemblance to the novel.)
Anyway, Pierre Boulle (1912-1994) was born in Avignon France. He became an engineer, and worked on British Rubber plantations in Malaya before WWII, When the Japanese invaded southeast Asia, he joined the Free French in Singapore. Captured by the Japanese, he was subjected to two years of forced labor, one of the thousands of Allied prisoners of war and Asian conscripts forced to build the "Death Railway," 258 miles long, used to supply Japanese troops in the Burma Campaign. More than 12,000 Allied POWs and 90,000 Asian civilians died in the construction.
Boulle wrote My Own River Kwai, a nonfiction work about his experiences.
Interesting footnote: he was awarded the Best Screenplay Oscar even though he had no part in writing it and didn't even speak English. The actual adapters had been blacklisted in the Red Scare as communist sympathizers, so the studio credited him. Carl Foreman's and Michael Wilson's names were added to the award in 1984.
On October 2, 1957, "The Bridge on the River Kwai," directed by David Lean and starring Alec Guinness and William Holden, premiered. It went on to win six Oscars, including Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actor, and Best Adapted Screenplay in 1958, one of my favorite WWII movies, a classic.
The movie was all fiction based on the fiction written by French novelist Pierre Boulle. Kwai and his other most successful novel, Planet of the Apes, are among my favorite novels. (I am a huge POTA fan and rank it up there with Star Trek as the best entertainment universes ever created. I love the original movies, the tv series, the animated tv series, the novels, the comic books, the updated movies, etc. And, by the way, the original film bears very little resemblance to the novel.)
Anyway, Pierre Boulle (1912-1994) was born in Avignon France. He became an engineer, and worked on British Rubber plantations in Malaya before WWII, When the Japanese invaded southeast Asia, he joined the Free French in Singapore. Captured by the Japanese, he was subjected to two years of forced labor, one of the thousands of Allied prisoners of war and Asian conscripts forced to build the "Death Railway," 258 miles long, used to supply Japanese troops in the Burma Campaign. More than 12,000 Allied POWs and 90,000 Asian civilians died in the construction.
Boulle wrote My Own River Kwai, a nonfiction work about his experiences.
Interesting footnote: he was awarded the Best Screenplay Oscar even though he had no part in writing it and didn't even speak English. The actual adapters had been blacklisted in the Red Scare as communist sympathizers, so the studio credited him. Carl Foreman's and Michael Wilson's names were added to the award in 1984.
Place.
On October 2, 1957, "The Bridge on the River Kwai," directed by David Lean and starring Alec Guinness and William Holden, premiered. It went on to win six Oscars, including Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actor, and Best Adapted Screenplay in 1958, one of my favorite WWII movies, a classic. The movie was all fiction based on the fiction written by French novelist Pierre Boulle. Boulle was one of the Allied POWs forced to work on the real bridge, part of the "Death Railway" or Burma Railway. It was built between 1940 and 1943 and covered 258 miles between Ban Pong Thailand and Thanbyuzayat Burma (Myanmar).
Between 180,000 and 250,000 Asian civilians and over 60,000 Allied POWs were forced to work on the railway. At least 12,000 POWs and 90,000 civilians died in the process.
The Thai portion of the railway still exists and is in use daily. The Burmese portion has fallen into disrepair and is not in service.
On October 2, 1957, "The Bridge on the River Kwai," directed by David Lean and starring Alec Guinness and William Holden, premiered. It went on to win six Oscars, including Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actor, and Best Adapted Screenplay in 1958, one of my favorite WWII movies, a classic. The movie was all fiction based on the fiction written by French novelist Pierre Boulle. Boulle was one of the Allied POWs forced to work on the real bridge, part of the "Death Railway" or Burma Railway. It was built between 1940 and 1943 and covered 258 miles between Ban Pong Thailand and Thanbyuzayat Burma (Myanmar).
Between 180,000 and 250,000 Asian civilians and over 60,000 Allied POWs were forced to work on the railway. At least 12,000 POWs and 90,000 civilians died in the process.
The Thai portion of the railway still exists and is in use daily. The Burmese portion has fallen into disrepair and is not in service.
Thing.
On October 2, 1957, "The Bridge on the River Kwai," directed by David Lean and starring Alec Guinness and William Holden, premiered. It went on to win six Oscars, including Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actor, and Best Adapted Screenplay in 1958, one of my favorite WWII movies, a classic. The movie was all fiction based on the fiction written by French novelist Pierre Boulle. Boulle was one of the Allied POWs forced to work on the real bridge, part of the "Death Railway" or Burma Railway. It was built between 1940 and 1943 and covered 258 miles between Ban Pong Thailand and Thanbyuzayat Burma (Myanmar).
The man in this picture, taken in July 2019 is Renichi Sugano, then 100, a former commander of a railway unit within the Japan Imperial Army which was involved in the construction of the rail link. In June 1978, far away from the route of the Burma-Thailand railway, in a town near the Malaysia border, a Japanese railroad researcher by chance stumbled upon the whereabouts of the legendary steam locomotive. Engine No. 31 was sitting in the grass, waiting to be scrapped. Engine 31 had been the vanguard engine. As each section of railway was finished, it was Engine 31 that moved forward, testing the track.
After being informed of the find, Sugano and his associates scrambled to raise funds to have the locomotive shipped back to Japan. The following year, in 1979, it was loaded onto a cargo ship along with Engine No. 44, which had been discovered in Thailand.
Returned to Japan after 37 years, Engine No. 31 was donated to Yasukuni Shrine, while its sister, Engine No. 44, was sent to the Oikawa Rail Line in Shizuoka Prefecture, where it has been refurbished and is now carrying passengers.
On October 2, 1957, "The Bridge on the River Kwai," directed by David Lean and starring Alec Guinness and William Holden, premiered. It went on to win six Oscars, including Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actor, and Best Adapted Screenplay in 1958, one of my favorite WWII movies, a classic. The movie was all fiction based on the fiction written by French novelist Pierre Boulle. Boulle was one of the Allied POWs forced to work on the real bridge, part of the "Death Railway" or Burma Railway. It was built between 1940 and 1943 and covered 258 miles between Ban Pong Thailand and Thanbyuzayat Burma (Myanmar).
The man in this picture, taken in July 2019 is Renichi Sugano, then 100, a former commander of a railway unit within the Japan Imperial Army which was involved in the construction of the rail link. In June 1978, far away from the route of the Burma-Thailand railway, in a town near the Malaysia border, a Japanese railroad researcher by chance stumbled upon the whereabouts of the legendary steam locomotive. Engine No. 31 was sitting in the grass, waiting to be scrapped. Engine 31 had been the vanguard engine. As each section of railway was finished, it was Engine 31 that moved forward, testing the track.
After being informed of the find, Sugano and his associates scrambled to raise funds to have the locomotive shipped back to Japan. The following year, in 1979, it was loaded onto a cargo ship along with Engine No. 44, which had been discovered in Thailand.
Returned to Japan after 37 years, Engine No. 31 was donated to Yasukuni Shrine, while its sister, Engine No. 44, was sent to the Oikawa Rail Line in Shizuoka Prefecture, where it has been refurbished and is now carrying passengers.
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Person.
On October 3, 1849, writer Edgar Allan Poe was found delirious on the streets of Baltimore Maryland. He was in desperate need of medical attention, going in and out of consciousness, incoherent, and wearing ill-fitting clothes that were not his own.
He was taken to a hospital where he died on October 7, never coherent enough to explain what had happened or why he was in such a state. All medical records have been lost, including his death certificate, so the cause of his death has been speculated about ever since. Most theories involve alcoholism or alcoholic poisoning.
A few of the theories:
1. Beating, either targeted or random street attack
2. Cooping- In those days, it was not uncommon in cities for gangs to kidnap an individual, dress him in different outfits, and coerce, force, or ply him with alcohol to illegally vote multiple times. This was called cooping.
3. Mercury poisoning - At the time of his death, he had elevated mercury levels. Mercury was used as treatment for many illnesses from cholera to syphilis, but the amounts were not enough for poisoning death.
4. Rabies- Some of Poe's symptoms were consistent with rabies, but other elements of his condition dispute this diagnosis. He drank lots of water in the hospital, for instance
5. Brain Tumor - Poe's body was exhumed and re-interred after his death. An observer pointed out a hard mass in his skull cavity. The brain is one of the first organs to rot, but a tumor mass can actually calcify and remain.
6. Flu and or pneumonia - He was ill before October 3 according to friends. Not sure how that explains the clothes that weren't his.
7. Murder - In 2000, an author presented his theory that the brothers of a lady that Poe may have been engaged to beat him and forced alcohol into him.
On October 3, 1849, writer Edgar Allan Poe was found delirious on the streets of Baltimore Maryland. He was in desperate need of medical attention, going in and out of consciousness, incoherent, and wearing ill-fitting clothes that were not his own.
He was taken to a hospital where he died on October 7, never coherent enough to explain what had happened or why he was in such a state. All medical records have been lost, including his death certificate, so the cause of his death has been speculated about ever since. Most theories involve alcoholism or alcoholic poisoning.
A few of the theories:
1. Beating, either targeted or random street attack
2. Cooping- In those days, it was not uncommon in cities for gangs to kidnap an individual, dress him in different outfits, and coerce, force, or ply him with alcohol to illegally vote multiple times. This was called cooping.
3. Mercury poisoning - At the time of his death, he had elevated mercury levels. Mercury was used as treatment for many illnesses from cholera to syphilis, but the amounts were not enough for poisoning death.
4. Rabies- Some of Poe's symptoms were consistent with rabies, but other elements of his condition dispute this diagnosis. He drank lots of water in the hospital, for instance
5. Brain Tumor - Poe's body was exhumed and re-interred after his death. An observer pointed out a hard mass in his skull cavity. The brain is one of the first organs to rot, but a tumor mass can actually calcify and remain.
6. Flu and or pneumonia - He was ill before October 3 according to friends. Not sure how that explains the clothes that weren't his.
7. Murder - In 2000, an author presented his theory that the brothers of a lady that Poe may have been engaged to beat him and forced alcohol into him.
Place.
On October 3, 1849, writer Edgar Allan Poe was found delirious on the streets of Baltimore Maryland. He was in desperate need of medical attention, going in and out of consciousness, incoherent, and wearing ill-fitting clothes that were not his own.
He was taken to a hospital where he died on October 7, never coherent enough to explain what had happened or why he was in such a state.
There are at least three Edgar Allan Poe museums in cities where Poe resided, Richmond, Baltimore, and Philadelphia.
On October 3, 1849, writer Edgar Allan Poe was found delirious on the streets of Baltimore Maryland. He was in desperate need of medical attention, going in and out of consciousness, incoherent, and wearing ill-fitting clothes that were not his own.
He was taken to a hospital where he died on October 7, never coherent enough to explain what had happened or why he was in such a state.
There are at least three Edgar Allan Poe museums in cities where Poe resided, Richmond, Baltimore, and Philadelphia.
Things.
Genres
On October 3, 1849, writer Edgar Allan Poe was found delirious on the streets of Baltimore Maryland. He was in desperate need of medical attention, going in and out of consciousness, incoherent, and wearing ill-fitting clothes that were not his own.
Although Poe's best known works can be put in the Gothic horror genre, he also wrote satires and humor. He was also recognized in his lifetime as an accomplished literary critic, and he was one of the first American authors to develop a large European following.
Many literary historians also count him as an important influence, if not the creator of, two new genres: science fiction and the detective mystery. The Narrative Arthur Gordon Pym (1838) is actually his only complete published novel. In it, the characters discover an access into the hollow earth, where they discover strange civilizations - considered by many the first modern science fiction work. The Murders in the Rue Morgue introduced the detective C. Auguste Dupin and the idea of the closed room murder mystery.
Genres
On October 3, 1849, writer Edgar Allan Poe was found delirious on the streets of Baltimore Maryland. He was in desperate need of medical attention, going in and out of consciousness, incoherent, and wearing ill-fitting clothes that were not his own.
Although Poe's best known works can be put in the Gothic horror genre, he also wrote satires and humor. He was also recognized in his lifetime as an accomplished literary critic, and he was one of the first American authors to develop a large European following.
Many literary historians also count him as an important influence, if not the creator of, two new genres: science fiction and the detective mystery. The Narrative Arthur Gordon Pym (1838) is actually his only complete published novel. In it, the characters discover an access into the hollow earth, where they discover strange civilizations - considered by many the first modern science fiction work. The Murders in the Rue Morgue introduced the detective C. Auguste Dupin and the idea of the closed room murder mystery.
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Person.
In October 1882, The Orient Express, a Belgian passenger train service, departed on its first official journey from Paris to Istanbul.
The luxury service was, of course, made famous by Agatha Christie's book Murder on the Orient Express. Christie (1890-1976) is the most translated individual writer in history. One of her books, And Then There Were None, has sold 100 million copies. She is the best selling fiction writer of all time, with over a billion copies sold. Her play, The Mousetrap, holds the record for longest initial run in theatre, from 1952 to 2018, 27,500 performances. She wrote 66 novels and 14 short story collections, most featuring detectives Hercule Poirot or Jane Marple.
Born into a wealthy upper class family in Torquay, Devon, UK, she was a curious child who learned to read early, and she was home schooled until her father died, family fortunes changed, and she spent her teen years in Prison boarding schools. At 18, she started submitting stories to magazines and completed her first novel. All were rejected. Her first detective novel, The Mysterious Affair at Styles, introduced Hercule Poirot and was published in 1920. Finally, her writing was reaching readers.
Meanwhile, her husband Archie asked for a divorce in 1926, upending her life. She disappeared for ten days. Authorities initiated a massive manhunt, or womanhunt, and it became an international media frenzy. Then, she reappeared, but she never publicly acknowledged where she was or what she did in those ten days.
She died at age 85 in her home at Winterbrook House.
In October 1882, The Orient Express, a Belgian passenger train service, departed on its first official journey from Paris to Istanbul.
The luxury service was, of course, made famous by Agatha Christie's book Murder on the Orient Express. Christie (1890-1976) is the most translated individual writer in history. One of her books, And Then There Were None, has sold 100 million copies. She is the best selling fiction writer of all time, with over a billion copies sold. Her play, The Mousetrap, holds the record for longest initial run in theatre, from 1952 to 2018, 27,500 performances. She wrote 66 novels and 14 short story collections, most featuring detectives Hercule Poirot or Jane Marple.
Born into a wealthy upper class family in Torquay, Devon, UK, she was a curious child who learned to read early, and she was home schooled until her father died, family fortunes changed, and she spent her teen years in Prison boarding schools. At 18, she started submitting stories to magazines and completed her first novel. All were rejected. Her first detective novel, The Mysterious Affair at Styles, introduced Hercule Poirot and was published in 1920. Finally, her writing was reaching readers.
Meanwhile, her husband Archie asked for a divorce in 1926, upending her life. She disappeared for ten days. Authorities initiated a massive manhunt, or womanhunt, and it became an international media frenzy. Then, she reappeared, but she never publicly acknowledged where she was or what she did in those ten days.
She died at age 85 in her home at Winterbrook House.
Place.
In October 1882, The Orient Express, a Belgian passenger train service, departed on its first official journey from Paris to Istanbul. The luxury service was, of course, made famous by Agatha Christie's book Murder on the Orient Express.
The Orient Express train service existed, in some form or another and with varying routes, from 1882 to 2009. Although routes, stops, and destinations changed frequently, the most commonly thought of terminals were Paris and Athens or Constantinople/Istanbul.
In October 1882, The Orient Express, a Belgian passenger train service, departed on its first official journey from Paris to Istanbul. The luxury service was, of course, made famous by Agatha Christie's book Murder on the Orient Express.
The Orient Express train service existed, in some form or another and with varying routes, from 1882 to 2009. Although routes, stops, and destinations changed frequently, the most commonly thought of terminals were Paris and Athens or Constantinople/Istanbul.
Thing.
In October 1882, The Orient Express, a Belgian passenger train service, departed on its first official journey from Paris to Istanbul. The luxury service was, of course, made famous by Agatha Christie's book Murder on the Orient Express.
The Orient Express train service existed, in some form or another and with varying routes, from 1882 to 2009. The first menu served in the restaurant coach on October 10, 1882 was:
Oysters
Soup with Italian pasta
Turbot (a fish) with green sauce
Chicken 'a la chasseur' ( in a brown sauce)
Filet of beef with 'chateau' potatoes (quickly sauteed and then roasted)
'Chaud-froid' of game animals (cooked game served cold with aspic or jelly)
Lettuce
Chocolate pudding
A dessert buffet
In October 1882, The Orient Express, a Belgian passenger train service, departed on its first official journey from Paris to Istanbul. The luxury service was, of course, made famous by Agatha Christie's book Murder on the Orient Express.
The Orient Express train service existed, in some form or another and with varying routes, from 1882 to 2009. The first menu served in the restaurant coach on October 10, 1882 was:
Oysters
Soup with Italian pasta
Turbot (a fish) with green sauce
Chicken 'a la chasseur' ( in a brown sauce)
Filet of beef with 'chateau' potatoes (quickly sauteed and then roasted)
'Chaud-froid' of game animals (cooked game served cold with aspic or jelly)
Lettuce
Chocolate pudding
A dessert buffet
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