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Person.
On August 16, 1812, American General Hull surrendered Detroit and Michigan territory to British Major General Sir Isaac Brock, whose force included Native American allies led by Tecumseh.
Tecumseh (c. 1768-1813) was a Shawnee chief and warrior who was a masterful orator. Assisted by his brother Tenskwatawa, aka The Prophet, he traveled throughout the Midwest and as far South as Georgia and Alabama urging all Indians to unite against the encroaching American settlers, to reject European influences, and to return to a more traditional lifestyle. He told his listeners that the land belonged to all tribes and should not be ceded unless all tribes agreed.
His message alarmed the American government and General William Henry Harrison was sent to Indiana to disrupt the movement. In 1811, while Tecumseh was recruiting in the South, Harrison defeated Tenskwatawa at the Battle of Tippecanoe (giving him his 1840 presidential campaign slogan).
When the War of 1812 started, Tecumseh allied with the British. After victory at Fort Detroit, his forces suffered losses in Ohio and Indiana. He and the British retreated into Canada, where he was killed in the Battle of the Thames in October 1813, and his confederacy fell apart.
Tecumseh is an honored hero in Canada today for defending Canada in the War of 1812. Indigenous populations in Canada and the US see him as a great hero. Many European and American whites of the 1800s saw him as the embodiment of the "noble savage" archetype (hence Gen. William TECUMSEH Sherman). He has been particularly admired in Germany, even used in Nazi propaganda. Historians have only been able to unravel fact from fiction in the late 20th century, as many legends developed over the years.
A Sorrow in Our Hearts is one of several good biographies.
Place.
On August 16, 1812, American General Hull surrendered Detroit and Michigan territory to British Major General Sir Isaac Brock, whose force included Native American allies led by Tecumseh.
Indiana Territory was organized in 1800, and William Henry Harrison was appointed Governor. He negotiated several treaties with local tribes, ceding some 3 million acres in total for new settlers. Tecumseh and his brother Tenskwatawa ( The Prophet) opposed the treaties. Harrison and Tecumseh met several times, but the meetings were unproductive. Tecumseh unwisely told Harrison that he was going south to meet with the Muscogee (Creek) and Choctaw, and he wanted "no mischief" until he returned. That left Tenskwatawa, no military or political strategist, in charge. Harrison badgered the federal government for permission to attack. The Secretary of War issued orders to preserve peace unless provoked. Harrison leveled numerous charges against Tenskwatawa's people, and he assembled a thousand Army regulars, militia, and volunteers. The force marched on Prophetstown, Tenskwatawa's village.
Accounts of the attack disagree, but some Indians attacked Harrison's position. Tenskwatawa and other leaders swore that no order was given., But he did promise to cast spells to ensure victory. The battle lasted 2 hours; Harrison has 188 dead and wounded; Indians about 150. Enraged by The Prophet's failure (He blamed his wife for desecrating his magic bag ), the surviving Indians disappeared overnight. Harrison destroyed Prophetstown the next day and took the nickname Tippecanoe to Presidential victory in 1840.
On August 16, 1812, American General Hull surrendered Detroit and Michigan territory to British Major General Sir Isaac Brock, whose force included Native American allies led by Tecumseh.
Indiana Territory was organized in 1800, and William Henry Harrison was appointed Governor. He negotiated several treaties with local tribes, ceding some 3 million acres in total for new settlers. Tecumseh and his brother Tenskwatawa ( The Prophet) opposed the treaties. Harrison and Tecumseh met several times, but the meetings were unproductive. Tecumseh unwisely told Harrison that he was going south to meet with the Muscogee (Creek) and Choctaw, and he wanted "no mischief" until he returned. That left Tenskwatawa, no military or political strategist, in charge. Harrison badgered the federal government for permission to attack. The Secretary of War issued orders to preserve peace unless provoked. Harrison leveled numerous charges against Tenskwatawa's people, and he assembled a thousand Army regulars, militia, and volunteers. The force marched on Prophetstown, Tenskwatawa's village.
Accounts of the attack disagree, but some Indians attacked Harrison's position. Tenskwatawa and other leaders swore that no order was given., But he did promise to cast spells to ensure victory. The battle lasted 2 hours; Harrison has 188 dead and wounded; Indians about 150. Enraged by The Prophet's failure (He blamed his wife for desecrating his magic bag ), the surviving Indians disappeared overnight. Harrison destroyed Prophetstown the next day and took the nickname Tippecanoe to Presidential victory in 1840.
Thing.
On August 16, 1812, American General Hull surrendered Detroit and Michigan territory to British Major General Sir Isaac Brock, whose force included Native American allies led by Tecumseh.
For many white Americans and Europeans, Tecumseh represented the archetypal "Noble Savage." At the end of a long gallery in the Smithsonian's National Museum of American Art there is a ton of marble that, after nearly 20 years of intermittent work, was completed in 1856 by Frederick Pettrich, a German-born, Italian-trained sculptor. It's called "The Dying Tecumseh," but it bears no resemblance to Tecumseh. (Nobody is sure what Tecumseh looked like.) It does resemble classical Greco-Roman works of dying warriors or gladiators.
Tecumseh was highly romanticized in works of art, drama, poetry, and literature throughout the 19th century. This sculpture even sat in the US Capitol from 1864 to 1878.
On August 16, 1812, American General Hull surrendered Detroit and Michigan territory to British Major General Sir Isaac Brock, whose force included Native American allies led by Tecumseh.
For many white Americans and Europeans, Tecumseh represented the archetypal "Noble Savage." At the end of a long gallery in the Smithsonian's National Museum of American Art there is a ton of marble that, after nearly 20 years of intermittent work, was completed in 1856 by Frederick Pettrich, a German-born, Italian-trained sculptor. It's called "The Dying Tecumseh," but it bears no resemblance to Tecumseh. (Nobody is sure what Tecumseh looked like.) It does resemble classical Greco-Roman works of dying warriors or gladiators.
Tecumseh was highly romanticized in works of art, drama, poetry, and literature throughout the 19th century. This sculpture even sat in the US Capitol from 1864 to 1878.
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Persons.
George Orwell's Animal Farm, another of my favorite novels that too few students are reading these days, was first published in the UK in August 17, 1945. Orwell, a devoted Socialist, despised Stalin and Stalinism and wrote Animal Farm as a satirical allegory. It went unpublished for a couple of years because many of the British intelligentsia were infatuated with communism and Stalin. It was rejected by numerous British and American publishers during WWII, when Stalin was an ally, finally being published at the dawn of the Cold War.
A few characters and their models:
Old Major - Marx and Lenin combo
Napoleon - Stalin
Snowball -Leon Trotsky
Young Pigs - Zinoviev, Kamenev, Bukharin, Rykov: former Communist Party higher ups executed in the Great Purge
Mr. Jones - Tsar Nicholas II
Benjamin the Donkey - suggested to be Orwell himself - skeptical, cynical
Moses the Raven - the Russian Orthodox Church, allowed to come back by Stalin as long as it supported him
I decided to re-read Animal Farm a couple of months ago and found this really interesting graphic novel version.
George Orwell's Animal Farm, another of my favorite novels that too few students are reading these days, was first published in the UK in August 17, 1945. Orwell, a devoted Socialist, despised Stalin and Stalinism and wrote Animal Farm as a satirical allegory. It went unpublished for a couple of years because many of the British intelligentsia were infatuated with communism and Stalin. It was rejected by numerous British and American publishers during WWII, when Stalin was an ally, finally being published at the dawn of the Cold War.
A few characters and their models:
Old Major - Marx and Lenin combo
Napoleon - Stalin
Snowball -Leon Trotsky
Young Pigs - Zinoviev, Kamenev, Bukharin, Rykov: former Communist Party higher ups executed in the Great Purge
Mr. Jones - Tsar Nicholas II
Benjamin the Donkey - suggested to be Orwell himself - skeptical, cynical
Moses the Raven - the Russian Orthodox Church, allowed to come back by Stalin as long as it supported him
I decided to re-read Animal Farm a couple of months ago and found this really interesting graphic novel version.
Places.
George Orwell's Animal Farm, another of my favorite novels that too few students are reading these days, was first published in the UK in August 17, 1945. Orwell, a devoted Socialist, despised Stalin and Stalinism and wrote Animal Farm as a satirical allegory. It went unpublished for a couple of years because many of the British intelligentsia were infatuated with communism and Stalin. It was rejected by numerous British and American publishers during WWII, when Stalin was an ally, finally being published at the dawn of the Cold War.
Of course, Animal Farm was not available in the USSR; it became available in Russia in 1991.
Surprisingly, it is not banned in China, but the government bans all media and social media mentions of it.
The ultra conservative John Burch Society challenged Animal Farm in 1965 because of references to the masses revolting.
From 1979-82, access was limited in Dekalb County, Georgia, schools due to its "political theories "
In Bay County, Florida, in 1987, the Superintendent of Schools banned Animal Farm.
In 2017, it was removed from the Stonington, Connecticut curriculum.
It routinely lands on lists of most challenged and banned books.
George Orwell's Animal Farm, another of my favorite novels that too few students are reading these days, was first published in the UK in August 17, 1945. Orwell, a devoted Socialist, despised Stalin and Stalinism and wrote Animal Farm as a satirical allegory. It went unpublished for a couple of years because many of the British intelligentsia were infatuated with communism and Stalin. It was rejected by numerous British and American publishers during WWII, when Stalin was an ally, finally being published at the dawn of the Cold War.
Of course, Animal Farm was not available in the USSR; it became available in Russia in 1991.
Surprisingly, it is not banned in China, but the government bans all media and social media mentions of it.
The ultra conservative John Burch Society challenged Animal Farm in 1965 because of references to the masses revolting.
From 1979-82, access was limited in Dekalb County, Georgia, schools due to its "political theories "
In Bay County, Florida, in 1987, the Superintendent of Schools banned Animal Farm.
In 2017, it was removed from the Stonington, Connecticut curriculum.
It routinely lands on lists of most challenged and banned books.
Thing
Operation Aedinosaur
George Orwell's Animal Farm, another of my favorite novels that too few students are reading these days, was first published in the UK in August 17, 1945. Orwell, a devoted Socialist, despised Stalin and Stalinism and wrote Animal Farm as a satirical allegory. It went unpublished for a couple of years because many of the British intelligentsia were infatuated with communism and Stalin. It was rejected by numerous British and American publishers during WWII, when Stalin was an ally, finally being published at the dawn of the Cold War.
Between 1952 and 1957, The Central Intelligence Agency launched millions of ten-foot balloons carrying miniature copies of Animal Farm (and Dr. Zhivago, another novel banned in the USSR) into Poland, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia. This was called Operation Aedinosaur, and Soviet and satellite forces were kept busy trying to shoot down the balloons.
Operation Aedinosaur
George Orwell's Animal Farm, another of my favorite novels that too few students are reading these days, was first published in the UK in August 17, 1945. Orwell, a devoted Socialist, despised Stalin and Stalinism and wrote Animal Farm as a satirical allegory. It went unpublished for a couple of years because many of the British intelligentsia were infatuated with communism and Stalin. It was rejected by numerous British and American publishers during WWII, when Stalin was an ally, finally being published at the dawn of the Cold War.
Between 1952 and 1957, The Central Intelligence Agency launched millions of ten-foot balloons carrying miniature copies of Animal Farm (and Dr. Zhivago, another novel banned in the USSR) into Poland, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia. This was called Operation Aedinosaur, and Soviet and satellite forces were kept busy trying to shoot down the balloons.
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Person.
On August 18, 1872 Montgomery Ward & Company sent out its first mail order catalog, a single sheet of paper containing 163 items. Sears soon followed, and rural Americans now had access to more goods than they could ever have seen in their local general store. All they had to do was give their mailman the form and money, and a, few weeks later, it would be theirs. Even into the 1970s and 1980s, small towns like my hometown had Sears catalog stores where customers could place, pick up, and return orders. I had Christmases as a child when everything came from Sears, and the arrival of the Sears "Wish Book" Christmas catalog was a big day in my house.
Aaron Montgomery Ward (1843 or 1844 - 1913) was born in New Jersey but grew up in Michigan where he started selling shoes before moving up to be general manager of a country store. In 1865, he moved to Chicago and worked as a salesman for various companies, traveling throughout the Midwest. He realized that there was a huge untapped rural market for the goods that were being mass produced in bigger numbers than ever before, but they couldn't shop in Chicago or other cities.
He had the idea of marketing directly to those customers. Mist of his friends and potential investors thought he was crazy, and his first inventory was destroyed in the Great Chicago Fire, but he persevered, and business took off. Richard Sears didn't join the catalog business until 1896.
Reproductions of Sears and Ward catalogs from the late 1800s are available today, and I used them in my classroom. (Check Histocrats dot blogspot dot com , under the classroom tab)
On August 18, 1872 Montgomery Ward & Company sent out its first mail order catalog, a single sheet of paper containing 163 items. Sears soon followed, and rural Americans now had access to more goods than they could ever have seen in their local general store. All they had to do was give their mailman the form and money, and a, few weeks later, it would be theirs. Even into the 1970s and 1980s, small towns like my hometown had Sears catalog stores where customers could place, pick up, and return orders. I had Christmases as a child when everything came from Sears, and the arrival of the Sears "Wish Book" Christmas catalog was a big day in my house.
Aaron Montgomery Ward (1843 or 1844 - 1913) was born in New Jersey but grew up in Michigan where he started selling shoes before moving up to be general manager of a country store. In 1865, he moved to Chicago and worked as a salesman for various companies, traveling throughout the Midwest. He realized that there was a huge untapped rural market for the goods that were being mass produced in bigger numbers than ever before, but they couldn't shop in Chicago or other cities.
He had the idea of marketing directly to those customers. Mist of his friends and potential investors thought he was crazy, and his first inventory was destroyed in the Great Chicago Fire, but he persevered, and business took off. Richard Sears didn't join the catalog business until 1896.
Reproductions of Sears and Ward catalogs from the late 1800s are available today, and I used them in my classroom. (Check Histocrats dot blogspot dot com , under the classroom tab)
Place.
Everyone, of course, is familiar with the Sears Tower, now the Willis Tower, in Chicago. When completed in 1974, it was the world's tallest building for a while. However, Sears was still following Montgomery Ward's lead. The Montgomery Ward Tower, on the corner of Michigan Avenue and Madison Street, was a major tourist attraction in Chicago well into the 1900s.
On August 18, 1872 Montgomery Ward & Company sent out its first mail order catalog, a single sheet of paper containing 163 items. Sears soon followed, and rural Americans now had access to more goods than they could ever have seen in their local general store. All they had to do was give their mailman the form and money, and a, few weeks later, it would be theirs. Even into the 1970s and 1980s, small towns like my hometown had Sears catalog stores where customers could place, pick up, and return orders. I had Christmases as a child when everything came from Sears, and the arrival of the Sears "Wish Book" Christmas catalog was a big day in my house.
Everyone, of course, is familiar with the Sears Tower, now the Willis Tower, in Chicago. When completed in 1974, it was the world's tallest building for a while. However, Sears was still following Montgomery Ward's lead. The Montgomery Ward Tower, on the corner of Michigan Avenue and Madison Street, was a major tourist attraction in Chicago well into the 1900s.
On August 18, 1872 Montgomery Ward & Company sent out its first mail order catalog, a single sheet of paper containing 163 items. Sears soon followed, and rural Americans now had access to more goods than they could ever have seen in their local general store. All they had to do was give their mailman the form and money, and a, few weeks later, it would be theirs. Even into the 1970s and 1980s, small towns like my hometown had Sears catalog stores where customers could place, pick up, and return orders. I had Christmases as a child when everything came from Sears, and the arrival of the Sears "Wish Book" Christmas catalog was a big day in my house.
Thing.
Aaron Montgomery Ward was a civic leader in Chicago. In the last decade of his life (died 1913), he led the fight to preserve Grant Park. He believed it was essential to keep public access to a city park on the lake available to all citizens. He filed and supported several lawsuits to force the city to remove encroaching buildings and to stop future construction. He was known as "the watch dog of the lake," and, to this day, there are construction and code requirements known as the "Montgomery Ward restrictions."
On August 18, 1872 Montgomery Ward & Company sent out its first mail order catalog, a single sheet of paper containing 163 items. Sears soon followed, and rural Americans now had access to more goods than they could ever have seen in their local general store. All they had to do was give their mailman the form and money, and a, few weeks later, it would be theirs. Even into the 1970s and 1980s, small towns like my hometown had Sears catalog stores where customers could place, pick up, and return orders. I had Christmases as a child when everything came from Sears, and the arrival of the Sears "Wish Book" Christmas catalog was a big day in my house.
Aaron Montgomery Ward was a civic leader in Chicago. In the last decade of his life (died 1913), he led the fight to preserve Grant Park. He believed it was essential to keep public access to a city park on the lake available to all citizens. He filed and supported several lawsuits to force the city to remove encroaching buildings and to stop future construction. He was known as "the watch dog of the lake," and, to this day, there are construction and code requirements known as the "Montgomery Ward restrictions."
On August 18, 1872 Montgomery Ward & Company sent out its first mail order catalog, a single sheet of paper containing 163 items. Sears soon followed, and rural Americans now had access to more goods than they could ever have seen in their local general store. All they had to do was give their mailman the form and money, and a, few weeks later, it would be theirs. Even into the 1970s and 1980s, small towns like my hometown had Sears catalog stores where customers could place, pick up, and return orders. I had Christmases as a child when everything came from Sears, and the arrival of the Sears "Wish Book" Christmas catalog was a big day in my house.
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Person.
Comedian and activist Dick Gregory died on August 19, 2017 at age 84.
Born in St. Louis Missouri, Gregory earned a track scholarship to Southern Illinois University where he set school records in the mile and half-mile. Drafted into the army in 1954, he won several army talent shows as a comedian. Out of the army, he moved to Chicago to become a professional comedian. Refusing to play the stereotypical buffoon or minstrel comedian, Gregory talked about politics and race.
In the beginning, he worked for the post office during the day and performed in small black clubs at night. He was eventually seen by Hugh Hefner, whom Gregory credits with jump starting his career.
His keenly insightful and blunt takes on race, Vietnam, and current events in general led to several bestselling books and comedy albums and numerous TV appearances in the 1960s and 1970s, but they also brought attacks, death threats, and bans. He never accumulated the wealth that he might have because he would frequently cancel paying gigs to go take part in marches or sit-ins or benefits. This caused him to develop a negative reputation among some promoters and club owners.
If you don't know Gregory's work, you should check it out. Pick up a book or look for clips on YouTube. "The One and Only Dick Gregory" is a good documentary, released in 2021.
Comedian and activist Dick Gregory died on August 19, 2017 at age 84.
Born in St. Louis Missouri, Gregory earned a track scholarship to Southern Illinois University where he set school records in the mile and half-mile. Drafted into the army in 1954, he won several army talent shows as a comedian. Out of the army, he moved to Chicago to become a professional comedian. Refusing to play the stereotypical buffoon or minstrel comedian, Gregory talked about politics and race.
In the beginning, he worked for the post office during the day and performed in small black clubs at night. He was eventually seen by Hugh Hefner, whom Gregory credits with jump starting his career.
His keenly insightful and blunt takes on race, Vietnam, and current events in general led to several bestselling books and comedy albums and numerous TV appearances in the 1960s and 1970s, but they also brought attacks, death threats, and bans. He never accumulated the wealth that he might have because he would frequently cancel paying gigs to go take part in marches or sit-ins or benefits. This caused him to develop a negative reputation among some promoters and club owners.
If you don't know Gregory's work, you should check it out. Pick up a book or look for clips on YouTube. "The One and Only Dick Gregory" is a good documentary, released in 2021.
Place.
Comedian and activist Dick Gregory died on August 19, 2017 at age 84.
Dick Gregory often credited Playboy founder Hugh Hefner with jump-starting his comedy career and gaining white audiences. He often performed at Hefner's Playboy Clubs, where top ranked entertainers performed, and Playboy Bunnies served members. There were a few dozen clubs at one time or another, in the US, Japan, Canada, Mexico, Jamaica, Macao, the Philippines, and the UK. The first opened in Chicago in 1960. The last of the first wave clubs closed in 1991 in Manilla. In 2018, a group of investors opened a Playboy Club in Midtown Manhattan. It closed a year later.
Comedian and activist Dick Gregory died on August 19, 2017 at age 84.
Dick Gregory often credited Playboy founder Hugh Hefner with jump-starting his comedy career and gaining white audiences. He often performed at Hefner's Playboy Clubs, where top ranked entertainers performed, and Playboy Bunnies served members. There were a few dozen clubs at one time or another, in the US, Japan, Canada, Mexico, Jamaica, Macao, the Philippines, and the UK. The first opened in Chicago in 1960. The last of the first wave clubs closed in 1991 in Manilla. In 2018, a group of investors opened a Playboy Club in Midtown Manhattan. It closed a year later.
Things.
Great lines.
Comedian and activist Dick Gregory died on August 19, 2017 at age 84.
Some of my favorite Dick Gregory lines, from his 1961 performance at the black-owned Roberts Show Bar in Chicago, where he was spotted by Playboy's Hugh Hefner.
"Good evening, ladies and gentlemen. I understand there are a good many Southerners in the room tonight. I know the South very well. I spent twenty years there one night.
Last time I was down South I walked into this restaurant and this white waitress came up to me and said, "We don't serve colored people here." I said, "That's all right. I don't eat colored people. Bring me a whole fried chicken."
Then these three white boys came up to me and said, "Boy, we're giving you fair warning. Anything you do to that chicken, we're gonna do to you." So I put down my knife and fork, I picked up that chicken and I kissed it. Then I said, "Line up, boys!" '
Great lines.
Comedian and activist Dick Gregory died on August 19, 2017 at age 84.
Some of my favorite Dick Gregory lines, from his 1961 performance at the black-owned Roberts Show Bar in Chicago, where he was spotted by Playboy's Hugh Hefner.
"Good evening, ladies and gentlemen. I understand there are a good many Southerners in the room tonight. I know the South very well. I spent twenty years there one night.
Last time I was down South I walked into this restaurant and this white waitress came up to me and said, "We don't serve colored people here." I said, "That's all right. I don't eat colored people. Bring me a whole fried chicken."
Then these three white boys came up to me and said, "Boy, we're giving you fair warning. Anything you do to that chicken, we're gonna do to you." So I put down my knife and fork, I picked up that chicken and I kissed it. Then I said, "Line up, boys!" '
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Persons.
Nelson Rockefeller was nominated by President Gerald Ford to become Vice-President on August 20, 1974. He's the second person to become VP following the 25th amendment which stipulates that if there is a vacancy in the Vice-Presidency, the Pres. appoints a new VP, subject to majority approval of both houses of Congress. Ford was the first, following Spiro Agnew's resignation; before the amendment, VP vacancies went unfilled until the next election.
Nelson ( 1908 -1979) was the grandson of John D. Rockefeller and served in many presidential administrations. Known as a progressive, liberal Republican, he ran unsuccessfully for the presidential nomination three times.
His son Michael (1938-1961?) earned a degree in history and economics and joined an anthropological expedition to study the Dani tribe of New Guinea. He developed a keen interest in the people, their culture, and their art, and he returned later, intending to study the Asmat tribe. The Asmat people were considered troublesome by the Dutch colonizers and still practiced revenge killings and cannibalism of their enemies at least into the 1970s. On November 17, the canoe carrying Michael and his companion overturned about 3 miles from shore. Michael decided to swim for help and disappeared. His companion was rescued the next day.
First conclusions were that he had drowned or been eaten by a shark or crocodile. However, subsequent investigators, like the author of Savage Harvest, have uncovered evidence and Asmati testimony that indicate that Michael made it to shore and was killed and eaten, probably in revenge for the deaths of several tribesmen in a 1958 clash with Dutch colonial police.
Nelson Rockefeller was nominated by President Gerald Ford to become Vice-President on August 20, 1974. He's the second person to become VP following the 25th amendment which stipulates that if there is a vacancy in the Vice-Presidency, the Pres. appoints a new VP, subject to majority approval of both houses of Congress. Ford was the first, following Spiro Agnew's resignation; before the amendment, VP vacancies went unfilled until the next election.
Nelson ( 1908 -1979) was the grandson of John D. Rockefeller and served in many presidential administrations. Known as a progressive, liberal Republican, he ran unsuccessfully for the presidential nomination three times.
His son Michael (1938-1961?) earned a degree in history and economics and joined an anthropological expedition to study the Dani tribe of New Guinea. He developed a keen interest in the people, their culture, and their art, and he returned later, intending to study the Asmat tribe. The Asmat people were considered troublesome by the Dutch colonizers and still practiced revenge killings and cannibalism of their enemies at least into the 1970s. On November 17, the canoe carrying Michael and his companion overturned about 3 miles from shore. Michael decided to swim for help and disappeared. His companion was rescued the next day.
First conclusions were that he had drowned or been eaten by a shark or crocodile. However, subsequent investigators, like the author of Savage Harvest, have uncovered evidence and Asmati testimony that indicate that Michael made it to shore and was killed and eaten, probably in revenge for the deaths of several tribesmen in a 1958 clash with Dutch colonial police.
Place
Nelson Rockefeller was nominated by President Gerald Ford to become Vice-President on August 20, 1974. He's the second person to become VP following the 25th amendment which stipulates that if there is a vacancy in the Vice-Presidency, the Pres. appoints a new VP, subject to majority approval of both houses of Congress. Ford was the first, following Spiro Agnew's resignation; before the amendment, VP vacancies went unfilled until the next election.
Nelson ( 1908 -1979) was the grandson of John D. Rockefeller and served in several presidential administrations. Known as a progressive, liberal Republican, he ran unsuccessfully for the presidential nomination three times.
His son Michael (1938-1961?) went missing in Papua New Guinea, then Dutch New Guinea in 1961. Evidence and stories told by members of the Asmat tribe indicate that he was likely killed and eaten by the Asmat, who practiced revenge-driven murder and cannibalism.
Today, the Asmat live in the province of South Papua, Indonesia within and adjacent to Lorentz National Park. The population is estimated to be around 70,000. They were first seen by a Dutch ship captain in 1623, but the harsh terrain and their reputation as headhunters and cannibals prevented real contact with outsiders until the 1950s, but the Dutch established a colonial post near Asmat territory in 1938.
Nelson Rockefeller was nominated by President Gerald Ford to become Vice-President on August 20, 1974. He's the second person to become VP following the 25th amendment which stipulates that if there is a vacancy in the Vice-Presidency, the Pres. appoints a new VP, subject to majority approval of both houses of Congress. Ford was the first, following Spiro Agnew's resignation; before the amendment, VP vacancies went unfilled until the next election.
Nelson ( 1908 -1979) was the grandson of John D. Rockefeller and served in several presidential administrations. Known as a progressive, liberal Republican, he ran unsuccessfully for the presidential nomination three times.
His son Michael (1938-1961?) went missing in Papua New Guinea, then Dutch New Guinea in 1961. Evidence and stories told by members of the Asmat tribe indicate that he was likely killed and eaten by the Asmat, who practiced revenge-driven murder and cannibalism.
Today, the Asmat live in the province of South Papua, Indonesia within and adjacent to Lorentz National Park. The population is estimated to be around 70,000. They were first seen by a Dutch ship captain in 1623, but the harsh terrain and their reputation as headhunters and cannibals prevented real contact with outsiders until the 1950s, but the Dutch established a colonial post near Asmat territory in 1938.
Thing.
Nelson Rockefeller was nominated by President Gerald Ford to become Vice-President on August 20, 1974. He's the second person to become VP following the 25th amendment which stipulates that if there is a vacancy in the Vice-Presidency, the Pres. appoints a new VP, subject to majority approval of both houses of Congress. Ford was the first, following Spiro Agnew's resignation; before the amendment, VP vacancies went unfilled until the next election.
His son Michael (1938-1961?) went missing in Papua New Guinea, then Dutch New Guinea in 1961. Evidence and stories told by members of the Asmat tribe indicate that he was likely killed and eaten by the Asmat, who practiced revenge-driven murder and cannibalism.
Michael was drawn to the Asmat in part due to their art. They practice one of the oldest and most unique woodcarving styles in Asia, highly sought by art collectors.
From Wikipedia:
"Asmat art consists of elaborate stylized wood carvings such as the bisj pole and is designed to honour ancestors. Many Asmat artifacts have been collected by the world's museums, among the most notable of which are those found in the Michael C. Rockefeller Collection at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City and the Tropenmuseum in Amsterdam. Asmat art is widely collected in major Western museums despite the difficulty in visiting the remote region to collect work; the "exceptionally expressive" art "caused a sensation in art-collecting circles" which led to large-scale collecting expeditions in the post-WWII era, according to art scholar and ethnologist Dirk A.M. Smidt. One of the most comprehensive collections of Asmat Art can be found in the American Museum of Asmat Art at the University of St. Thomas in St. Paul, Minnesota. "
Nelson Rockefeller was nominated by President Gerald Ford to become Vice-President on August 20, 1974. He's the second person to become VP following the 25th amendment which stipulates that if there is a vacancy in the Vice-Presidency, the Pres. appoints a new VP, subject to majority approval of both houses of Congress. Ford was the first, following Spiro Agnew's resignation; before the amendment, VP vacancies went unfilled until the next election.
His son Michael (1938-1961?) went missing in Papua New Guinea, then Dutch New Guinea in 1961. Evidence and stories told by members of the Asmat tribe indicate that he was likely killed and eaten by the Asmat, who practiced revenge-driven murder and cannibalism.
Michael was drawn to the Asmat in part due to their art. They practice one of the oldest and most unique woodcarving styles in Asia, highly sought by art collectors.
From Wikipedia:
"Asmat art consists of elaborate stylized wood carvings such as the bisj pole and is designed to honour ancestors. Many Asmat artifacts have been collected by the world's museums, among the most notable of which are those found in the Michael C. Rockefeller Collection at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City and the Tropenmuseum in Amsterdam. Asmat art is widely collected in major Western museums despite the difficulty in visiting the remote region to collect work; the "exceptionally expressive" art "caused a sensation in art-collecting circles" which led to large-scale collecting expeditions in the post-WWII era, according to art scholar and ethnologist Dirk A.M. Smidt. One of the most comprehensive collections of Asmat Art can be found in the American Museum of Asmat Art at the University of St. Thomas in St. Paul, Minnesota. "
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Person.
From August 21 through August 23, 1831, terror and violence swept through Southampton County Virginia, and eventually the entire slaveholding South.
Nat Turner (1800-1831) was the enslaved preacher who organized and led slaves and free blacks in a rebellion that killed between 55 and 65 whites and resulted in the deaths of at least 160 blacks.
Turner learned to read and write as a child and was observed to be intelligent and quick-minded, as well as religiously devout. He often prayed and fasted, and he claimed to receive visions, or messages from God. As an adult, he became an itinerant preacher. Slaveowners often allowed black and white preachers to preach the Gospel, especially the "being a good servant" parts, to their slaves; some owners and slaves even attended the same services. As a preacher, Turner could move across plantation lines in Sunday. Some black congregants started calling him "Prophet," and he attracted some white followers as well.
Always convinced that he was ordained for some great purpose, Turner believed that a solar eclipse in February 1831 was his sign from God. He started organizing his followers and procuring weapons. He planned the event for July 4, but fell ill. On August 13, the Virginia sun appeared blue-green due to a volcanic eruption in Sicily. That was his signal, he thought. He enlisted some 70 followers, armed with knives, hatchets, clubs, and axes, and they struck on the 21st. The Virginia militia finally defeated the rebellion, but Turner remained in hiding for two months. He was hanged in November.
In 1967, during the "Black Power" phase of the civil rights movement, William Styron wrote The Confessions of Nat Turner, in Turner's first person voice, a fictionalized account of the 1831 pamphlet of the same name accepted as Turner's actual confession.
From August 21 through August 23, 1831, terror and violence swept through Southampton County Virginia, and eventually the entire slaveholding South.
Nat Turner (1800-1831) was the enslaved preacher who organized and led slaves and free blacks in a rebellion that killed between 55 and 65 whites and resulted in the deaths of at least 160 blacks.
Turner learned to read and write as a child and was observed to be intelligent and quick-minded, as well as religiously devout. He often prayed and fasted, and he claimed to receive visions, or messages from God. As an adult, he became an itinerant preacher. Slaveowners often allowed black and white preachers to preach the Gospel, especially the "being a good servant" parts, to their slaves; some owners and slaves even attended the same services. As a preacher, Turner could move across plantation lines in Sunday. Some black congregants started calling him "Prophet," and he attracted some white followers as well.
Always convinced that he was ordained for some great purpose, Turner believed that a solar eclipse in February 1831 was his sign from God. He started organizing his followers and procuring weapons. He planned the event for July 4, but fell ill. On August 13, the Virginia sun appeared blue-green due to a volcanic eruption in Sicily. That was his signal, he thought. He enlisted some 70 followers, armed with knives, hatchets, clubs, and axes, and they struck on the 21st. The Virginia militia finally defeated the rebellion, but Turner remained in hiding for two months. He was hanged in November.
In 1967, during the "Black Power" phase of the civil rights movement, William Styron wrote The Confessions of Nat Turner, in Turner's first person voice, a fictionalized account of the 1831 pamphlet of the same name accepted as Turner's actual confession.
Place.
From August 21 through August 23, 1831, terror and violence swept through Southampton County Virginia, and eventually the entire slaveholding South.
Nat Turner (1800-1831) was the enslaved preacher who organized and led slaves and free blacks in a rebellion that killed between 55 and 65 whites and resulted in the deaths of at least 160 blacks.
On the morning of August 23, 1831, the Virginia Militia, reinforced by three artillery units, finally routed the rebels at the Belmont Plantation, built around 1790, in Southampton County. Turner went into hiding for two months before his capture.
However, even after the 23rd, rumors of slave insurrection swept through the South, from North Carolina to Alabama. Militias and mobs arrested and killed free blacks and slaves, in unknown numbers, for days. In the long run, slaveholding states responded bypassing laws expelling free blacks and severely limiting rights of enslaved blacks. Before the rebellion, it was generally not illegal for enslaved people to be taught to read and write, to own a gun for hunting, and to travel to other plantations. Those freedoms, along with the freedom of assembly, were eliminated.
From August 21 through August 23, 1831, terror and violence swept through Southampton County Virginia, and eventually the entire slaveholding South.
Nat Turner (1800-1831) was the enslaved preacher who organized and led slaves and free blacks in a rebellion that killed between 55 and 65 whites and resulted in the deaths of at least 160 blacks.
On the morning of August 23, 1831, the Virginia Militia, reinforced by three artillery units, finally routed the rebels at the Belmont Plantation, built around 1790, in Southampton County. Turner went into hiding for two months before his capture.
However, even after the 23rd, rumors of slave insurrection swept through the South, from North Carolina to Alabama. Militias and mobs arrested and killed free blacks and slaves, in unknown numbers, for days. In the long run, slaveholding states responded bypassing laws expelling free blacks and severely limiting rights of enslaved blacks. Before the rebellion, it was generally not illegal for enslaved people to be taught to read and write, to own a gun for hunting, and to travel to other plantations. Those freedoms, along with the freedom of assembly, were eliminated.
Thing.
From August 21 through August 23, 1831, terror and violence swept through Southampton County Virginia, and eventually the entire slaveholding South.
Nat Turner (1800-1831) was the enslaved preacher who organized and led slaves and free blacks in a rebellion that killed between 55 and 65 whites and resulted in the deaths of at least 160 blacks.
One of the artifacts on display at the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture is Nat Turner's personal Bible, supposedly in his hand when he was captured. Missing covers and some pages, it remained in storage at the Southampton County courthouse until 1912 when a courthouse official gave it to descendants of one of the white victims of the rebellion. It was donated to the Smithsonian in 2011.
From August 21 through August 23, 1831, terror and violence swept through Southampton County Virginia, and eventually the entire slaveholding South.
Nat Turner (1800-1831) was the enslaved preacher who organized and led slaves and free blacks in a rebellion that killed between 55 and 65 whites and resulted in the deaths of at least 160 blacks.
One of the artifacts on display at the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture is Nat Turner's personal Bible, supposedly in his hand when he was captured. Missing covers and some pages, it remained in storage at the Southampton County courthouse until 1912 when a courthouse official gave it to descendants of one of the white victims of the rebellion. It was donated to the Smithsonian in 2011.
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Persons.
German forces on the Eastern Front in WWII moved into position around the city of Leningrad in late August, 1941. An 872-day long siege commenced on September 8. One of the longest and most destructive sieges in history, the Siege of Leningrad. Up to 1.5 million soldiers and civilians died during the Siege. Another 1.5 million (mostly women and children) were evacuated, but many of them died due to starvation and bombardment. Deaths peaked in January -February 1942 at 100,000 per month. The Soviets arrested 2,105 cannibals during the Siege, and there were thousands more murders committed for the purpose of stealing ration cards.
As with most subjects, when you dig deeper into WWII, things aren't as simple as Hollywood makes them. In this case, it wasn't just Germans vs Soviets. There was a large Finnish force, allied with Germany, blockading the north of the city. The Finns had been engaged in the Winter War to reclaim "Greater Finland." Leningrad was 22 miles from the Finnish border.
However, the German Army, the Wehrmacht, had approximately one million volunteers, mostly fascists and anti-communists. Some were conscripted, but the majority were volunteers. The Blue Division, an integral force during the Siege of Leningrad, included 47,000 Spaniards. Other ethnicities included in the Wehrmacht, usually in their own units, were Belgians, Czechs, Dutch, Finns, Danes, French, Hungarians, Poles, Norwegians, Portuguese, Swedes, Soviets, Ukrainians, Armenians, Georgians, Latvians, Lithuanians, Turkestani, Croatian, Arab, Azerbaijani, and Cossacks.
David Benioff, author and co-creator of the Game of Thrones series, wrote a well-researched and excellent novel set during the Siege, following two men on a seemingly impossible quest. City of Thieves is a great read
German forces on the Eastern Front in WWII moved into position around the city of Leningrad in late August, 1941. An 872-day long siege commenced on September 8. One of the longest and most destructive sieges in history, the Siege of Leningrad. Up to 1.5 million soldiers and civilians died during the Siege. Another 1.5 million (mostly women and children) were evacuated, but many of them died due to starvation and bombardment. Deaths peaked in January -February 1942 at 100,000 per month. The Soviets arrested 2,105 cannibals during the Siege, and there were thousands more murders committed for the purpose of stealing ration cards.
As with most subjects, when you dig deeper into WWII, things aren't as simple as Hollywood makes them. In this case, it wasn't just Germans vs Soviets. There was a large Finnish force, allied with Germany, blockading the north of the city. The Finns had been engaged in the Winter War to reclaim "Greater Finland." Leningrad was 22 miles from the Finnish border.
However, the German Army, the Wehrmacht, had approximately one million volunteers, mostly fascists and anti-communists. Some were conscripted, but the majority were volunteers. The Blue Division, an integral force during the Siege of Leningrad, included 47,000 Spaniards. Other ethnicities included in the Wehrmacht, usually in their own units, were Belgians, Czechs, Dutch, Finns, Danes, French, Hungarians, Poles, Norwegians, Portuguese, Swedes, Soviets, Ukrainians, Armenians, Georgians, Latvians, Lithuanians, Turkestani, Croatian, Arab, Azerbaijani, and Cossacks.
David Benioff, author and co-creator of the Game of Thrones series, wrote a well-researched and excellent novel set during the Siege, following two men on a seemingly impossible quest. City of Thieves is a great read
Place.
German forces on the Eastern Front in WWII moved into position around the city of Leningrad in late August, 1941. An 872-day long siege commenced on September 8. One of the longest and most destructive sieges in history, the Siege of Leningrad. Up to 1.5 million soldiers and civilians died during the Siege. Another 1.5 million (mostly women and children) were evacuated, but many of them died due to starvation and bombardment. Deaths peaked in January -February 1942 at 100,000 per month. The Soviets arrested 2,105 cannibals during the Siege, and there were thousands more murders committed for the purpose of stealing ration cards.
Hitler targeted Leningrad for three main reasons:
1. It was a former capital of Russia and a symbolic capital of the Russian Revolution.
2. Leningrad was the main base of the Soviet Baltic Fleet.
3. It was an industrial center of Russia. By 1939, the city produced 11% of the total Soviet industrial output, including numerous arms factories.
German forces on the Eastern Front in WWII moved into position around the city of Leningrad in late August, 1941. An 872-day long siege commenced on September 8. One of the longest and most destructive sieges in history, the Siege of Leningrad. Up to 1.5 million soldiers and civilians died during the Siege. Another 1.5 million (mostly women and children) were evacuated, but many of them died due to starvation and bombardment. Deaths peaked in January -February 1942 at 100,000 per month. The Soviets arrested 2,105 cannibals during the Siege, and there were thousands more murders committed for the purpose of stealing ration cards.
Hitler targeted Leningrad for three main reasons:
1. It was a former capital of Russia and a symbolic capital of the Russian Revolution.
2. Leningrad was the main base of the Soviet Baltic Fleet.
3. It was an industrial center of Russia. By 1939, the city produced 11% of the total Soviet industrial output, including numerous arms factories.
Things.
German forces on the Eastern Front in WWII moved into position around the city of Leningrad in late August, 1941. An 872-day long siege commenced on September 8. One of the longest and most destructive sieges in history, the Siege of Leningrad. Up to 1.5 million soldiers and civilians died during the Siege. Another 1.5 million (mostly women and children) were evacuated, but many of them died due to starvation and bombardment. Deaths peaked in January -February 1942 at 100,000 per month. The Soviets arrested 2,105 cannibals during the Siege, and there were thousands more murders committed for the purpose of stealing ration cards.
Rations slowly decreased until November-December 1941, the hardest months, when workers were allowed from 150 to 250 grams of bread daily, while civil servants, children, and dependent people were only allowed 125 grams a day. Monthly rations were as follows: workers and engineers could receive 1.5 kg of meat, 2 kg of noodles, 800 grams of fat (vegetable oil or lard), and about 1.5 kg of sugar. Civil servants could hope for 800 grams of meat, 1.5 kg noodles, 400 grams of fats, about 1.2 kg of sugar.
Glue, cellulose, pine needles, shoe soles, leather belts, and much, much more – everything that contained anything organic and consumable was used as food during the siege.
Such products at first were salvaged from some of the city’s factories and plants: lard and vaseline used for rubbing the slipways for the ships, bone glue and bone meal, even organic shoe polish – people found ways to cook all of this.
Glue was boiled for hours on a slow fire (the smell was unbearable), then salt, pepper – any spices, vinegar, and mustard were added to mask the stench.
German forces on the Eastern Front in WWII moved into position around the city of Leningrad in late August, 1941. An 872-day long siege commenced on September 8. One of the longest and most destructive sieges in history, the Siege of Leningrad. Up to 1.5 million soldiers and civilians died during the Siege. Another 1.5 million (mostly women and children) were evacuated, but many of them died due to starvation and bombardment. Deaths peaked in January -February 1942 at 100,000 per month. The Soviets arrested 2,105 cannibals during the Siege, and there were thousands more murders committed for the purpose of stealing ration cards.
Rations slowly decreased until November-December 1941, the hardest months, when workers were allowed from 150 to 250 grams of bread daily, while civil servants, children, and dependent people were only allowed 125 grams a day. Monthly rations were as follows: workers and engineers could receive 1.5 kg of meat, 2 kg of noodles, 800 grams of fat (vegetable oil or lard), and about 1.5 kg of sugar. Civil servants could hope for 800 grams of meat, 1.5 kg noodles, 400 grams of fats, about 1.2 kg of sugar.
Glue, cellulose, pine needles, shoe soles, leather belts, and much, much more – everything that contained anything organic and consumable was used as food during the siege.
Such products at first were salvaged from some of the city’s factories and plants: lard and vaseline used for rubbing the slipways for the ships, bone glue and bone meal, even organic shoe polish – people found ways to cook all of this.
Glue was boiled for hours on a slow fire (the smell was unbearable), then salt, pepper – any spices, vinegar, and mustard were added to mask the stench.
Person.
I'm currently reading The Icepick Surgeon by Sam Kean, published in 2021. Kean has a great talent for telling true stories that blend science and history in his books and podcasts. The stories told in this book are enlightening, educational, gross, maddening, humorous, gross, and infuriating all at the same time. Did I say gross? Yet, Kean does an excellent job of presenting all sides of a story, and each chapter raises questions and debates on medical ethics.
The titular subject of the book is Dr. Walter Freeman II (1895-1972), the inventor of the lobotomy. Freeman's grandfather was a Civil War surgeon, and his father was a doctor. In 1924, he became the first practicing neurologist in Washington DC. Inspired by the work of Dr Egas Moniz who, in 1935, started performing what he called leucotomies, taking corings of the frontal lobe to treat mental illness.
Freeman set out to "improve" the process. He decided to sever the connection between the frontal lobes and the thalamus. Ten years later, he refined the technique by using a kitchen icepick, in the first procedures, inserted into the corner of each eye socket, hammered through the orbital bone, and moved around to sever the connections to the prefrontal cortex.
In forty years, he performed 4,000 lobotomies, even though he never had surgical training. His youngest patient was 4 years old. Some of his patients lost their tendencies toward manic behavior, some were not changed, some worsened, and about 15% died. Patients often had to re-learn how to eat and how to use the bathroom.
His mentor, Moniz, was awarded the Nobel Prize in physiology and medicine in 1949. Eventually, the lobotomy was recognized as one of the most barbaric and horrifying procedures in the history of medicine, after more than 50,000 Americans had been lobotomized.
I'm currently reading The Icepick Surgeon by Sam Kean, published in 2021. Kean has a great talent for telling true stories that blend science and history in his books and podcasts. The stories told in this book are enlightening, educational, gross, maddening, humorous, gross, and infuriating all at the same time. Did I say gross? Yet, Kean does an excellent job of presenting all sides of a story, and each chapter raises questions and debates on medical ethics.
The titular subject of the book is Dr. Walter Freeman II (1895-1972), the inventor of the lobotomy. Freeman's grandfather was a Civil War surgeon, and his father was a doctor. In 1924, he became the first practicing neurologist in Washington DC. Inspired by the work of Dr Egas Moniz who, in 1935, started performing what he called leucotomies, taking corings of the frontal lobe to treat mental illness.
Freeman set out to "improve" the process. He decided to sever the connection between the frontal lobes and the thalamus. Ten years later, he refined the technique by using a kitchen icepick, in the first procedures, inserted into the corner of each eye socket, hammered through the orbital bone, and moved around to sever the connections to the prefrontal cortex.
In forty years, he performed 4,000 lobotomies, even though he never had surgical training. His youngest patient was 4 years old. Some of his patients lost their tendencies toward manic behavior, some were not changed, some worsened, and about 15% died. Patients often had to re-learn how to eat and how to use the bathroom.
His mentor, Moniz, was awarded the Nobel Prize in physiology and medicine in 1949. Eventually, the lobotomy was recognized as one of the most barbaric and horrifying procedures in the history of medicine, after more than 50,000 Americans had been lobotomized.
Places.
I'm currently reading The Icepick Surgeon by Sam Kean, published in 2021. Kean has a great talent for telling true stories that blend science and history in his books and podcasts. The stories told in this book are enlightening, educational, gross, maddening, humorous, gross, and infuriating all at the same time. Did I say gross? Yet, Kean does an excellent job of presenting all sides of a story, and each chapter raises questions and debates on medical ethics.
The Tuskegee syphilis experiments represent one of the most horrible episodes of American history. The Public Health Service used black men in Tuskegee Alabama to learn about the effects of syphilis. For decades, infected men (contrary to what some believe even today, there is no evidence that anyone was infected in the study) were told they were being treated for "bad blood," when they were not. Even after the discovery that penicillin cured the disease, test subjects were actively prevented from seeking meaningful treatment. For decades, the experiment was not hidden from the public. There were whistleblowers and medical professionals who tried to expose the horrors, but nobody in the media or government was interested until the early 1970s.
Another horrible episode, however, remained relatively unknown until 2005 when an historian was going through the papers of Dr. John Charles Cutler, who later worked in the Tuskegee Experiment. From 1946 to 1948, however, he oversaw a syphilis experiment in Guatemala in which he actually infected Guatemalan prisoners, soldiers, orphans (as young as 9), and prostitutes.
It is a frightening and thought provoking chapter in Kean's book.
I'm currently reading The Icepick Surgeon by Sam Kean, published in 2021. Kean has a great talent for telling true stories that blend science and history in his books and podcasts. The stories told in this book are enlightening, educational, gross, maddening, humorous, gross, and infuriating all at the same time. Did I say gross? Yet, Kean does an excellent job of presenting all sides of a story, and each chapter raises questions and debates on medical ethics.
The Tuskegee syphilis experiments represent one of the most horrible episodes of American history. The Public Health Service used black men in Tuskegee Alabama to learn about the effects of syphilis. For decades, infected men (contrary to what some believe even today, there is no evidence that anyone was infected in the study) were told they were being treated for "bad blood," when they were not. Even after the discovery that penicillin cured the disease, test subjects were actively prevented from seeking meaningful treatment. For decades, the experiment was not hidden from the public. There were whistleblowers and medical professionals who tried to expose the horrors, but nobody in the media or government was interested until the early 1970s.
Another horrible episode, however, remained relatively unknown until 2005 when an historian was going through the papers of Dr. John Charles Cutler, who later worked in the Tuskegee Experiment. From 1946 to 1948, however, he oversaw a syphilis experiment in Guatemala in which he actually infected Guatemalan prisoners, soldiers, orphans (as young as 9), and prostitutes.
It is a frightening and thought provoking chapter in Kean's book.
Thing.
I'm currently reading The Icepick Surgeon by Sam Kean, published in 2021. Kean has a great talent for telling true stories that blend science and history in his books and podcasts. The stories told in this book are enlightening, educational, gross, maddening, humorous, gross, and infuriating all at the same time. Did I say gross? Yet, Kean does an excellent job of presenting all sides of a story, and each chapter raises questions and debates on medical ethics.
The Hippocratic Oath is an oath of ethics historically taken by physicians. The oath is the earliest expression of medical ethics in the Western world, establishing several principles of medical ethics which remain of paramount significance today.
The original oath was written between the fifth and third centuries BC. Although it is traditionally attributed to the Greek doctor Hippocrates, most modern scholars do not regard it as having been written by Hippocrates himself.
Contrary to general belief, most doctors never swear to the Hippocratic Oath. In a 2000 survey of US medical schools, all of the consulted medical schools administered some type of profession oath. Among schools of modern medicine, sixty-two of 122 used the Hippocratic Oath, or a modified version of it. The other sixty schools used the original or modified Declaration of Geneva, Oath of Maimonides, or an oath authored by students and or faculty.
I'm currently reading The Icepick Surgeon by Sam Kean, published in 2021. Kean has a great talent for telling true stories that blend science and history in his books and podcasts. The stories told in this book are enlightening, educational, gross, maddening, humorous, gross, and infuriating all at the same time. Did I say gross? Yet, Kean does an excellent job of presenting all sides of a story, and each chapter raises questions and debates on medical ethics.
The Hippocratic Oath is an oath of ethics historically taken by physicians. The oath is the earliest expression of medical ethics in the Western world, establishing several principles of medical ethics which remain of paramount significance today.
The original oath was written between the fifth and third centuries BC. Although it is traditionally attributed to the Greek doctor Hippocrates, most modern scholars do not regard it as having been written by Hippocrates himself.
Contrary to general belief, most doctors never swear to the Hippocratic Oath. In a 2000 survey of US medical schools, all of the consulted medical schools administered some type of profession oath. Among schools of modern medicine, sixty-two of 122 used the Hippocratic Oath, or a modified version of it. The other sixty schools used the original or modified Declaration of Geneva, Oath of Maimonides, or an oath authored by students and or faculty.
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